Characteristics of avocado (Persea americana) and kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) seeds starch with different extraction methods

Seed from avocado (Persea Americana) and kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) fruit are waste and by product from processing fruit. Due to the high starch content from both seeds, there are many extractions process have been applied. The immersed raw material in sodium metabisulfite solution affected to starch properties. The purpose of this study is to characterize of starch extracted with and without immersed in sodium metabisulfite solution. The results showed that the starch yield by immersed in alkaline solution was 21.6% for avocado seed starch and 24.4% for kluwih seed starch, while yield without immersed in sodium metabisulfite solution was 17.5% and 18,2% for avocado seed starch and kluwih seed starch, respectively. The starch content with sodium metabisulfite immersion process of avocado seed and kuwih seed were 79.26% and 72.62%, respectively. Meanwhile without the immersion process resulted starch of 75.13 and 67.30%, in avocado seed starch and kluwih seed starch, respectively. Furthermore, XRD and FTIR analysis were also carried out on starch to see the crystallinity character and functional groups contained in the extracted starch.

Retromer Complex and PI3K Complex II-Related Genes Mediate the Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Sodium Metabisulfite Resistance Response

Sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) is widely used as a preservative in the food and wine industry. However, it causes varying degrees of cellular damage to organisms. In order to improve our knowledge regarding its cyto-toxicity, a genome-wide screen using the yeast single deletion collection was performed. Additionally, a total of 162 Na2S2O5-sensitive strains and 16 Na2S2O5-tolerant strains were identified. Among the 162 Na2S2O5 tolerance-related genes, the retromer complex was the top enriched cellular component. Further analysis demonstrated that retromer complex deletion leads to increased sensitivity to Na2S2O5, and that Na2S2O5 can induce mislocalization of retromer complex proteins. Notably, phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate kinase (PI3K) complex II, which is important for retromer recruitment to the endosome, might be a potential regulator mediating retromer localization and the yeast Na2S2O5 tolerance response. Na2S2O5 can decrease the protein expressions of Vps34, which is the component of PI3K complex. Therefore, Na2S2O5-mediated retromer redistribution might be caused by the effects of decreased Vps34 expression levels. Moreover, both pharmaceutical inhibition of Vps34 functions and deletions of PI3K complex II-related genes affect cell tolerance to Na2S2O5. The results of our study provide a global picture of cellular components required for Na2S2O5 tolerance and advance our understanding concerning Na2S2O5-induced cytotoxicity effects.

Effect of Sodium Metabisulfite on Selective Flotation of Chalcopyrite and Molybdenite

Sodium metabisulfite (MBS) was used in this study for selective flotation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite. Microflotation tests of single and mixed minerals were performed to assess the floatability of chalcopyrite and molybdenite. The results of microflotation of single minerals showed that MBS treatment significantly depressed the floatability of chalcopyrite and slightly reduced the floatability of molybdenite. The results of microflotation of mixed minerals demonstrated that the MBS treatment could be used as a selective chalcopyrite depressant in the selective flotation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite. Furthermore, the addition of diesel oil or kerosene could significantly improve the separation efficiency of selective flotation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite using MBS treatment. A mechanism based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis results is proposed in this study to explain the selective depressing effect of MBS on the flotation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite.

Pre-dehydration treatments and quality of processed potatoes during storage

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to study pre-dehydration treatments to maintain consumption quality of processed potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) over a long storage period. Tubers of the cultivars Asterix, Macaca and Agata were cut into cubes and submitted to the following pre-dehydration treatments: water (control), blanching, and blanching with different doses of sodium metabisulfite. Sulphur dioxide residue and microorganism detection were determined right after the dehydration process was completed. Water activity, color, rehydration ratio, cooking time and rehydration ratio after cooking were determined at the beginning and after one and two years of storage. Blanching, cultivar and storage affected rehydration ratio, an important parameter used to measure the quality of dehydrated products. Tubers with higher dry mass content resulted in lower water activity and rehydration ratio, longer cooking time and higher rehydration ratio after cooking than those with lower dry mass. The combination of blanching with sodium metabisulfite improves product quality, reduces microbial load, enhances dehydration rate and prevents oxidation and browning reactions during processing and storage. The effects of the structural damages of pre-dehydration and dehydration treatments on the rehydration ratio and the rehydration ratio after cooking increase with storage of processed potatoes.

Physicochemical characteristics of fiber rich flour from solid waste of purple sweet potato starch processing

Sweet potato starch processing produces liquid waste and solid waste. Solid waste from sweet potato starch processing contains a high concentration of fiber so that it can be used for making fiber flour, which can be used as material for food fiber fortification in foodstuffs. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of fiber flour derived from the solid waste of purple-fleshed sweet potato (PFSP) starch processing. Starch processing is carried out using 3 different types of extracting ingredients, namely distilled water, 2000 ppm sodium metabisulfite solution, and 2000 ppm citric acid solution. The results showed that the yield of fiber flour produced was 4.07-5.11%. The resulting fiber flour has soluble and insoluble fiber content between 1.20-1.63 and 13.53-21.91% respectively. The results of this study indicate that fiber-rich flour from the solid residue of PFSP starch processing can be used as a fiber fortification agent in special food products for people with obesity.

DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL DENIM BLEACHING METHODS

Although the textile industry has many products to offer to humanity, it consumes a lot of energy and indirectly causes greenhouse gas emissions. With increasing environmental awareness, parameters such as the cost and performance of each industrial activity to society, as well as the use of natural resources and the possibility of causing global environmental problems to have become more frequently considered factors. In the denim bleaching process, the desired effect is usually obtained with the help of sodium hypochlorite. Sodium metabisulfite is then used for the neutralization process. Since these processes are carried out at high liquor ratios, the waste load resulting from the consumption of necessary chemicals and water is also high. In this study, ecological bleaching methods have been developed as an alternative to the conventional sodium hypochlorite bleaching method by reducing the use of water and chemicals with low liquor and spraying bleaching methods. Denim garments subjected to bleaching with low liquor and spraying methods were compared with denim garments applied to sodium hypochlorite bleaching in industrial washing machines according to exhaustion method. In the spraying method, the mixture coming out of the narrow nozzle is mixed with the compressed air by means of a specially designed spray gun and sprayed in very small droplets. Thus, a good atomization is ensured, and a low liquor ratio water cloud is created.

PSIII-21 Efficacy of deoxynivalenol detoxification by sodium metabisulfite (SMBS) containing nanofibrous mats using an in vitro intestinal epithelial cell IPEC-J2

Deoxynivalenol (DON) occurs in many commonly used cereal grains. Pigs feed with DON concentrations as low as 0.6–2.0 mg/kg can result in reduced feed intake and growth rate, damage to intestinal epithelial cells, and increase susceptibility to enteric pathogens. Sodium metabisulfite (SMBS) can efficiently detoxify DON by converting it 8-DONS or 10-DONS in vitro. However, if SMBS is added directly to the feed, SMBS rapidly degrades under acidic aqueous conditions (e.g. pig stomach) and little SMBS is delivered to the intestinal absorption site where it can effectively detoxify DON. Thus, the objective of this study was to encapsulate SMBS into Eudragit L100-55 nanofibrous mats to deliver intact SMBS to the small intestine and evaluate the efficacy of DON detoxification in the simulated intestine fluid (SIF) using an in vitro intestinal epithelial cell (IPEC-J2) model. Nanofibrous mats were produced by coaxial electrospinning, with peak loading capacity and loading efficiency of SMBS reaching 32.00% and 80.01%. DON-induced cytotoxicity was not observed during in vitro analysis consisting of incubation of DON in the presence of SMBS-containing nanofibers (0.5% w/w) in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) for 2 h followed by incubation in a mixture of SGF and SIF (1:1) for 20 min. Meanwhile, compared to the DON treatment, incubation of DON in the presence of SMBS-containing nanofiber (0.5% w/w) in SGF for 2 h and SIF for 20 min decreased the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in the IPEC-J2 cells and maintained the cell integrity. To conclude, SMBS released from Eudragit L100-55 nanofibrous mats in the SIF effectively decreased the adverse effects induced by DON in the IPEC-J2 cells. Nanofibrous mats can release a large amount of SMBS in a short time in SIF to achieve the effect of detoxifying DON.