Duality, Generalized Global Symmetries and Jet Space Isometries

We revisit universal features of duality in linear and nonlinear relativistic scalar and Abelian 1-form theories with single or multiple fields, which exhibit ordinary or generalized global symmetries. We show that such global symmetries can be interpreted as generalized Killing isometries on a suitable, possibly graded, target space of fields or its jet space when the theory contains higher derivatives. This is realized via a generalized sigma model perspective motivated from the fact that higher spin particles can be Nambu–Goldstone bosons of spontaneously broken generalized global symmetries. We work out in detail the 2D examples of a compact scalar and the massless Heisenberg pion fireball model and the 4D examples of Maxwell, Born–Infeld, and ModMax electrodynamics. In all cases we identify the ’t Hooft anomaly that obstructs the simultaneous gauging of both global symmetries and confirm the anomaly matching under duality. These results readily generalize to higher gauge theories for p-forms. For multifield theories, we discuss the transformation of couplings under duality as two sets of Buscher rules for even or odd differential forms.

Ideals on the Quantum Plane’s Jet Space

The goal of this paper is to introduce some rings that play the role of the jet spaces of the quantum plane and unlike the quantum plane itself possess interesting nontrivial prime ideals. We will prove some results (Theorems 1–4) about the prime spectrum of these rings.

Ideals Generated by Differential Equations

We propose a new algebraic approach to study compatibility of partial differential equations. The approach uses concepts from commutative algebra, algebraic geometry and Gr¨obner bases to clarify crucial notions concerning compatibility such as passivity and reducibility. One obtains sufficient condi- tions for a differential system to be passive and proves that such systems generate manifolds in the jet space. Some examples of constructions of passive systems associated with the sinh-Cordon equation are given

A foundational approach to the Lie theory for fractional order partial differential equations

We provide a general theoretical framework allowing us to extend the classical Lie theory for partial differential equations to the case of equations of fractional order. We propose a general prolongation formula for the study of Lie symmetries in the case of an arbitrary finite number of independent variables. We also prove the Lie theorem in the case of fractional differential equations, showing that the proper space for the analysis of these symmetries is the infinite dimensional jet space.

Remarks on infinitesimal symmetries of geometrical structures of the classical phase space of general relativistic test particle

The phase space of general relativistic test particle is defined as the 1-jet space of motions. A Lorentzian metric and an electromagnetic field define the joined almost-cosymplectic-contact structure on the odd-dimensional phase space. In this paper, we study infinitesimal symmetries (ISs) of this phase structure. We prove that there are no hidden ISs.

DIFFERENTIAL-ALGEBRAIC JET SPACES PRESERVE INTERNALITY TO THE CONSTANTS

Suppose p is the generic type of a differential-algebraic jet space to a finite dimensional differential-algebraic variety at a generic point. It is shown that p satisfies a certain strengthening of almost internality to the constants. This strengthening, which was originally called “being Moishezon to the constants” in [9] but is here renamed preserving internality to the constants, is a model-theoretic abstraction of the generic behaviour of jet spaces in complex-analytic geometry. An example is given showing that only a generic analogue holds in the differential-algebraic case: there is a finite dimensional differential-algebraic variety X with a subvariety Z that is internal to the constants, such that the restriction of the differential-algebraic tangent bundle of X to Z is not almost internal to the constants.