Frederick Douglass, Copyright, and the British Press, 1845-47

In 1845, Frederick Douglass established his copyright to the Narrative of the Life in the United States in order to receive just remuneration for his work. Yet Douglass also relied on a lack of international copyright law to disseminate his abolitionist message to a transatlantic audience. While Douglass made use of both copyright-protected and free-circulating forms of publication to reach a broad audience, he could not always control how his work and image would be reprinted and adapted in the transatlantic press. During his 1845-7 lecture tour, British periodicals and newspapers creatively recontextualised, abridged, and plagiarised his Narrative in articles and reviews. These forms of reuse were conventional in the publishing world of the 1840s, yet when viewed from a modern perspective, they seem to echo the exploitative practices associated with the American slave system.

Adaptive Terminal Synergetic Synchronization of Hyperchaotic Systems

This research paper introduces an adaptive terminal synergetic nonlinear control. This control aims at synchronizing two hyperchaotic Zhou systems. Thus, the adaptive terminal synergetic control’s synthesis is applied to synchronize a hyperchaotic i.e., slave system with unknown parameters with another hyperchaotic i.e., master system. Accordingly, simulation results of each system in different initial conditions reveal significant convergence. Moreover, the findings proved stability and robustness of the suggested scheme using Lyapunov stability theory.

Robust H∞ control of an uncertain bilateral teleoperation system using dilated LMIs

A robust state-feedback [Formula: see text] controller is proposed for an uncertain bilateral teleoperation system having norm-bounded parametric uncertainties on mass and damping coefficients of the considered master/slave system. The proposed method ensures robust stability and successful reference tracking and force reflection performance. While Lyapunov stability is used to ensures asymptotic stability, the [Formula: see text] norm from exogenous input to the controlled output is utilized in satisfying the reference tracking and force reflection. As two performance objectives and robust stability requirement are conflicting with each other, the proposed controller reduces the associated conservatism with dilated linear matrix inequalities. Standard and dilated linear matrix inequality-based robust [Formula: see text] state-feedback controllers are performed with a one degree of freedom uncertain master/slave system under reference signal and environmental-induced exogenous force. Numerical simulation results show that the dilated linear matrix inequality-based [Formula: see text] control satisfies lower [Formula: see text] norm than a standard [Formula: see text] control. Moreover, the proposed controller demonstrates a very successful performance in achieving performance objectives despite the stringent norm-bounded parameter uncertainties.

Chattel Slaveries in Classical Greece

Greek chattel or commercial slavery developed from general growth and sophistication of economic activity in emerging city-state culture. At Athens and elsewhere, non-commercial forms of slavery evanesced. As the supply of Greek slaves lessened for economic and ideological reasons, Greeks began to acquire slaves almost exclusively from non-Greek peoples. Slaves were considered private property but, as Aristotle argued, they were also considered ‘animate tools’, a category marking distinction from other animal property. Athenian slaves could enjoy a measure of behavioural latitude, some protection from arbitrary violence, and in some ways participated in the wider polis. However, exploitation was normal (sometimes with abuse) and constituted the essence of the slave system. Slave labour was prominent in the classical Greek economy, as slaves were numerous. Finally, although manumission was possible and perhaps frequent, complete integration into wider society was limited at Athens.

Sliding mode projective synchronization for fractional-order coupled systems based on network without strong connectedness

This paper considers the Mittag-Leffler projective synchronization problem of fractional-order coupled systems (FOCS) on the complex networks without strong connectedness by fractional sliding mode control (SMC). Combining the hierarchical algorithm with the graph theory, a new SMC strategy is designed to realize the projective synchronization between the master system and the slave system, which covers the globally complete synchronization and the globally anti-synchronization. In addition, some novel criteria are derived to guarantee the Mittag-Leffler stability of the projective synchronization error system. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the validity of the proposed method.

Ministry to the Bound and Enslaved

This chapter analyses slavery and missions together for the first time in Edwardsean scholarship. From 1731 to 1758 Edwards not only owned slaves but also advocated missions among Native Americans. He helped found the Stockbridge mission then assumed its pulpit. Immersed in a missionary network, he wrote David Brainerd’s biography and launched Gideon Hawley’s lifetime of mission labour. Many Indians were enslaved after King Philip’s War; many fell into bondage or servitude in the mid-eighteenth century. Native Americans in Edwards’s time feared enslavement. The Atlantic slave system swelled in the mid-eighteenth century. Slaveholder, yet opponent of the slave trade, Edwards developed typological arguments that criticized English settlers for their depredations against Native Americans. In this, Edwards honed a theological instrument later wielded by abolitionists. Edwardsean typology undermined biblical proslavery arguments, clearing a path for modern abolitionism as opposition to enslavement in all times and places.

Dynamic Analysis and Robust Control of a Chaotic System with Hidden Attractor

In this paper, a 3D jerk chaotic system with hidden attractor was explored, and the dissipativity, equilibrium, and stability of this system were investigated. The attractor types, Lyapunov exponents, and Poincare section of the system under different parameters were analyzed. Additionally, a circuit was carried out, and a good similarity between the circuit experimental results and the theoretical analysis testifies the feasibility and practicality of the original system. Furthermore, a robust feedback controller was designed based on the finite-time stability theory, which guarantees the synchronization of 3D jerk master-slave system in finite time and asymptotically converges to the origin. Finally, we also give verification for the discussion in this paper by numerical simulation.