Generic Fabrication Technique of Graphene Based RF Sensor towards Biological Application

Herein presented, we demonstrate that a sensitive sensing/detection element was obtained from the laser treatment of a non-conducting flexible material exploiting laser machine, which can then potentially deploy as sensing element of a biosensor for possible usage in to sense and obtain the presence and quantity of the interested sample. The goal is to study and advance innovative means of fabricating a low-cost graphene sensor, employed as a Radio Frequency (RF) filter for disposable biomedical purposes. A material like Graphene can be fashioned by laser irradiation (Laser scribe) of Kapton tape implemented as a filter. The manufacture of the filter geometry was accomplished by means of a laser machine irradiating a Kapton tape on a chosen substrate (for this work a Flame Retardant 4 (FR-4)), by the application of the previous gotten parameters for the production. Various laser power values were employed for their manufacture and their corresponding conductivity was observed to range from 171 x10-6 S/mm to 279 x10-6 S/mm. The Raman spectrum results of the produced material has a D band peak at 1349.76 cm-1 , a G band of 1587.73 cm-1 and a 2D band peak of 2693.34 cm-1 . The ANSYS high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) (for the Analysis of the System) simulation results signifies good outcomes, and opportunities to improve the material property are also being studied. Tests were also conducted by the utilization of a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) to validating their feasibility of being deployed as the detection element of a biosensor, thus lending them the possibility to find implementation in disposable biological sensing.

The utility of instruments and disposables during endourologic practice among Egyptian urologists

Objective: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of utilization of different endourological instruments and disposables among Egyptian urologists and to see how availability could affect the deviation from the universal standards that might result in reduced patient safety. Patients and method: We surveyed members of the Egyptian Urological Association by a questionnaire evaluating the importance of different instruments and disposables used during ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. All responses were collected by a commercially available Internet-based survey host ( www.surveymonkey.com ) over 8 weeks. Results: One hundred and fifty-two responses were received. For ureteroscopy, the most mandatory instruments and disposables included the C-arm device (83%), Dormia basket (61%), ureteral stone forceps (58%), pneumatic lithotripter (50%), and regular PTFE guide wire (49%). The instruments and disposables described as optional included 4.5 Fr ureteroscope (74%), flexible ureteroscope (70%), and hydrophilic guidewire (67%). For percutaneous nephrolithotomy, the most mandatory instruments and disposables were pneumatic lithotripter (78%), Alken metal dilator (75%), fascial dilator (45%), and regular PTFE guidewire (42%); while instruments and disposables described as optional included flexible cystoscope (70%), hydrophilic guidewire (67%), balloon dilator (57%), and laser machine (52%). Conclusion: The prevalence of the utilization of newly introduced instruments and disposables is low among Egyptian urologists.

Texturing of Glass Surface using Micro-slurry Jet Machining Process

Existing methods for the microfabrication of convex structures on a glass surface require a complex and expensive masking process. In this study, a simple microfabrication method that combines the masking process using polyimide tapes and a micro-slurry jet (MSJ) process was developed. The masking process was performed using a CO₂ laser machine, and the surface of the processed glass was observed using a three-dimensional laser microscope. Although the geometric shape of the mask was not a perfect circle, convex structures with a diameter of approximately 1.0 mm and heights of more than 1.5 μm were formed on soda-lime glass surfaces. The deepest structures were observed to create convex structures with a height of 19 µm. The effects of the travel speed of the nozzle and number of repetitions of the MSJ process on the height of the convex structures on the glass surface were also investigated. It was found that the masking process combining polyimide tapes and the MSJ process could form high-convexity structures on the glass surface. The proposed method is expected to enable the fabrication of devices with various functional properties for materials that cannot be processed using existing methods.

Analisa Parameter Laser Marking pada Material Stainless Steel Terhadap Struktur Mikro dan Kedalaman Marking

Proses marking merupakan proses pemberian identitas kepada material atau produk tertentu dalam rangka menghitung, memberi nomor produk, memberi tanda dsb. Bagi material yang keras dan diproduksi dalam jumlah yang banyak seperti logam, proses marking diberikan dengan Laser Marking Machine. Pada penelitian ini, mesin laser marking diatur pada kecepatan 50mm/s, 100mm/s dan 150mm/s. Masing-masing kecepatan mesin menggunakan frekuensi dan power yang ditingkatkan: 20Hz, 60Hz dan 100Hz; 20%, 60% dan 100% power dari mesin, sementara penembakan dilakukan secara vertical dengan sudut 0o. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi 60Hz memperoleh kedalaman marking yang maksimal yaitu 3,58µm diantara parameter lainnya. Sementara dari penangkapan gambar mikrostruktur ditunjukkan bahwa kenaikan power dan frekuensi juga berpengaruh kepada melebarnya diameter dari hasil marking pada permukaan spesimen. Peningkatan kecepatan hanya berpengaruh terhadap kedalaman marking untuk frekuensi yang besar. Marking process is one of manufacture process which function to give the identity for the material or final product. For material with high-hardness properties and high-volume production such as metal, the processed is held by Laser marking machine. In this research, the processes were held at speed 50mm/s, 100mm/s and 150mm/s. The frequencies and powers are increased gradually for each speed of the laser machine. The frequencies and powers are 20Hz, 60Hz and 100Hz; 20%, 60% and 100% respectively, while the shoot-angle set at 0o (vertically). The results show that the maximum depth (3,58µm) is achieve when the machines at speed 50mm/s, while the frequencies and powers applied are 60Hz and 100%x10Watt respectively. From the figure of microstructure, the increasing of power and frequencies will enhance the divergence-angle of laser thus increase the width of making process. The increasing of speed will increase the depth of marking for high frequencies such as 100Hz.