The Prominence of Peer Interactions, Relationships, and Networks in Adolescence and Early Adulthood

Peer relationships are prominent when children move into adolescence. Peer research has been motivated by an interest in understanding where peer interactions and relationships come from and how these experiences affect multiple aspects of positive and negative development. Peer research continues to provide insight in how adolescents strive for status and affection, how adolescents are connected to their peers, and how peers influence and select each other. Recent advances show the importance of considering variations between contexts (such as classrooms) in these peer processes. Selection and influence processes vary strongly between classrooms, and in particular popular peers set a norm for what behaviors are important for friendship selection and influence processes. Moreover, some contexts may elicit exacerbated social comparison processes, which may explain why certain individuals have academic or psychosocial maladjustment in some contexts but not in others. The avenues for further research offer researchers several opportunities to diversify and expand into new areas of inquiry among adolescents and young adults.

REPRESENTATION OF THE PHENOMENON OF MENTAL EXHAUSTION IN MODERN PSYCHIATRIC DISCOURSE

The article presents an analysis of current literary sources in the field of psychiatry and psychology, devoted to the issue of psychosocial maladjustment of student youth caused by states of mental exhaustion. The modern ideas about the structural components and mechanisms of the formation of the presented states in students of higher educational institutions of various specialties are given, the characteristics of mental exhaustion in medical students are separately identified. The current methods of administrative and psychological prevention of the occurrence of these conditions are analyzed.

Psychosocial aspects of adjustment disorders in women

The aim is to study the psychosocial aspects of adjustment disorders in women. Materials and methods: 54 women with diagnosed adjustment disorders (F43.2) who applied for advisory support were examined. The analysis of their anamnestic data with the help of a special questionnaire was performed, a clinical and psychopathological examination was conducted. To study various aspects of psychosocial maladjustment in this contingent of patients “The Stress Scale” by T.H. Holmes and R.H. Rahe (1967), “The Scale of Psychosocial Maladjustment” by L.O. Herasymenko, A. M. Skrypnikov and M. Rokeach methodology of studying of the value orientations (Fantalova O.B. modification, 1992) were used. Results: In 77.8% of cases a mixed type of maladjustment with dominance in the internal structure of factors of family and industrial maladjustment and in 29.6% a family maladjustment monovariant were identified. In most cases, the family and production variants were combined and a mixed variant of maladjustment was diagnosed. At the same time the most serious forms of maladjustment related to the sexual sphere. Analysis of the structure of psychosocial maladjustment of patients with adjustment disorders showed that the most typical manifestations of this disorder were the following: dissatisfaction with a sense of comfort (75,95 %), dissatisfaction with the psychological climate in the family (62,03 %) and with the period of marriage (62,03 %), dissatisfaction with psychological relationships with colleagues (60,76 %) and with the psychological relationship of the spouse (60,76 %) and a high multiplicity of irritation (54,43 %). Conclusions: The leading factors of maladjustment among the examined women were the stress in subjectively significant areas of activity and the conflictual nature of the desirability and accessibility of basic life values.

CURRENT DIFFERENCES IN PSYCHOSOCIAL MALADJUSTMENT AMONG INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS WITH NEUROTIC PATHOLOGY

In recent years, 1.5 million internally displaced persons from Donetsk, Luhansk regions and Crimea have been registered in Ukraine. Half a million people of working age experienced psychological traumas due to the need to migrate. This psychological traumatic experience can produce a significant impact on the further life and all spheres of activity. Better understanding of the patterns underlying the formation of psychosocial maladjustment in forced migrants with neurotic disorders, early diagnosis of adjustment disorders in this group of population, effective psychosocial rehabilitation and prevention of traumatic experience can contribute into solving the pressing issues of modern psychiatry: to prevent efficiency failure, disturbances in social functioning and lower quality of life. The purpose of the work was to determine the dominant variants and severity of psychosocial maladjustment in internally displaced persons with neurotic pathology. We examined 78 persons who are internally displaced persons from Donetsk, Luhansk regions and Crimea diagnosed to have pathologies of the neurotic register. According to the results obtained, it has been found out that the nosological structure of the internally displaced persons is represented mainly by adjustment disorders in 28 persons (35.9%), mixed anxiety-depressive disorder in 25 (32.1%) and somatoform disorders in 13 (16, 7%) individuals. Psychosocial maladjustment was detected in a large majority of patients, in 69 (88%) people. Maladjustment in the main group reached mainly moderate and severe levels, while in the control group we revealed mild and moderate levels of the maladjustment. The combined variants of psychosocial maladjustment have been found out to prevail in patients with non-psychotic mental disorders of the main group, among them the leading place it taken by the information sphere.