Incel Activity on Social Media Linked to Local Mating Ecology

Young men with few prospects of attracting a mate have historically threatened the internal peace and stability of societies. In some contemporary societies, such involuntary celibate—or incel—men promote much online misogyny and perpetrate real-world violence. We tested the prediction that online incel activity arises via local real-world mating-market forces that affect relationship formation. From a database of 4 billion Twitter posts (2012–2018), we geolocated 321 million tweets to 582 commuting zones in the continental United States, of which 3,649 tweets used words peculiar to incels and 3,745 were about incels. We show that such tweets arise disproportionately within places where mating competition among men is likely to be high because of male-biased sex ratios, few single women, high income inequality, and small gender gaps in income. Our results suggest a role for social media in monitoring and mitigating factors that lead young men toward antisocial behavior in real-world societies.

The Criminal Offence of Child-on-Child Abuse With a Fatal Outcome

This research aims to analyse the legal protection for the child offenders in criminal offence of abuse with a fatal outcome, the judge's considerations in imposing imprisonment for the offence and the obstacles in the crime. Data obtained through empirical legal research. This research uses primary data obtained from empirical legal research in the form of interviews with respondents and informants and combines legal materials such as textbooks, theories, laws and regulations which are considered as secondary data. The results of the research showed that the legal protection provided to the child convicts is in the form of identity confidentiality, is treated well during the investigation process, is placed in a special place, the Judges in making considerations always refer to the mitigating factors such as the juvenile's age, the juvenile's mental state, the juvenile's background, the juvenile's family attitude and aggravating things such as a bad juvenile's life history and parents who are unable to educate them.. The things that indirectly hinder the process of settling this case are the parents negligence, lack of cooperation from both parties, and also the influence of gadgets. It is recommended to the law enforcement officers and Juvenile’s Special Development Institute should continue to cooperate in carrying out legal protection for child perpetrators according to applicable rules, the judge before imposing a prison sentence should prioritize the best interests of the child and to parents should contributing better in control the children's behavior.

A Study of Interracial Differences in Turnover Intentions: The Mitigating Role of Pro-Diversity and Justice-Oriented Management

Enhancing racial justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion are the core values of public administration and critical to the functions of public-sector strategic human resources management. However, very limited empirical research has delved into the interracial differences in public sector employees’ turnover intentions and its mitigating factors. Using the 2006–2017 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey data, the present study aims to contribute toward filling this gap in the literature. The theoretical arguments and empirical findings of this study show that when compared with White employees, Federal Black, Indigenous, and Employees of Color (BIEOC) are significantly more likely to intend to leave their current organizations. However, the likelihood of turnover intentions of Federal employees, particularly, BIEOC can be reduced through institutional interventions anchored in pro-diversity management (e.g., commitment to fostering a racially representative workforce), distributive justice in employment outcomes (e.g., in pay and promotions) and procedural justice in organizational processes (e.g., anti-discrimination practices).

KEWENANGAN PENYIDIKAN OLEH LEMBAGA OTORITAS JASA KEUANGAN TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA PERBANKAN BELUM OPTIMAL

Kewenangan yang dimiliki oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dalam melakukan penyidikan tindak pidana di sektor keuangan berdasar pada Peraturan OJK Nomor 22/POJK.01/2015. OJK berdasar pada Pasal 1 angka 1 UU tentang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan merupakan lembaga independen, bebas dari campur tangan pihak lain, yang memiliki fungsi, tugas, dan wewenang pengaturan, pengawasan, pemeriksaan, dan penyidikan dimaksudkan disini adalah permasalahan dalam menangani kasus tindak pidana di bidang jasa keuangan yang dilakukan OJK. Penelitian tersebut bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengkaji proses penyidikan dalam OJK melaksanakan tugasnya dalam menangani kasus tindak pidana perbankan, serta memahami dan mengetahui beberapa faktor penghambat PPNS (Penyidik Pegawai Negeri Sipil) OJK menjalankan wewenangnya. Metode penelitian kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan suatu metode penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif atau menggambarkan hasil penelitian secara utuh dan mendalam. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kewenangan penyidik OJK belum berjalan sebagaimana yang ditentukan oleh UU RI Nomor 21 Tahun 2011 tentang OJK dan POJK Nomor 22/POJK.01/2015. Hal tersebut dikarenakan adanya beberapa faktor penghamabat, seperti kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat akan eksistensi OJK dan tugasnya sebagai penyidik tindak pidana di bidang jasa keuangan, serta sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang dimaksud disini adalah jumlah PPNS OJK yang terbatas dan sarana prasarana yang kurang mengoptimalkan pelaksanaan penyidikan tindak pidana perbankan oleh OJK. The Authority owned by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in investigating criminal acts in the financial sector is based on OJK Regulation Number 22/POJK.01/2015. OJK based on Article 1 number 1 of the Law on Financial Services Authority is an independent institution, free from interference from other parties, which has the functions, duties, and authorities of regulation, supervision, examination, and investigation intended to handle criminal cases in the field of financial services conducted by OJK. The research aims to analyze and review the investigation process in OJK when carrying out its duties in handling banking criminal cases, as well as to understand and know some of the factors inhibiting PPNS (Civil Servant Investigators) of OJK from exercising their authority. Qualitative research method is used in this study to describe the results of the research in its entirety and in depth. The results of this study show that the authority of OJK investigators has not been running as determined by Law No. 21 of 2011 concerning OJK and POJK Number 22/POJK.01/2015. This is due to several mitigating factors, such as the lack of public knowledge of the existence of OJK and its duties as a criminal investigator in the field of financial services, as well as human resources (HR) referred to here is a limited number of OJK PPNS and infrastructure facilities that do not optimize the implementation of banking criminal investigations by the OJK.

The Prediction-Explanation Fallacy: A Pervasive Problem in Scientific Applications of Machine Learning

In this paper, I highlight a problem that has become ubiquitous in scientific applications of machine learning methods, and can lead to seriously distorted inferences about the phenomena under study. I call it the prediction-explanation fallacy. The fallacy occurs when researchers use prediction-optimized models for explanatory purposes, without considering the tradeoffs between explanation and prediction. This is a problem for at least two reasons. First, prediction-optimized models are often deliberately biased and unrealistic in order to prevent overfitting, and hence fail to accurately explain the phenomenon of interest. In other cases, they have an exceedingly complex structure that is hard or impossible to interpret, which greatly limits their explanatory value. Second, different predictive models trained on the same or similar data can be biased in different ways, so that multiple models may predict equally well but suggest conflicting explanations of the underlying phenomenon. In this note I introduce the tradeoffs between prediction and explanation in a non-technical fashion, present some illustrative examples from neuroscience, and end by discussing some mitigating factors and methods that can be used to limit or circumvent the problem.

Family Proximity as a Moderator of Spousal Associations of Depression among Mexican Older Adults

Depression among older adults is a public health issue, and a large literature highlights the importance of close relationships as both a risk and protective factor for depression. Research in U.S. samples suggests that one spouse’s depressive symptoms can increase their partner’s depressive symptoms, especially for women (Kouros & Cummings, 2010; Tower & Kasl, 1996). Little is known about interpersonal associations in depression, mitigating factors, and the role of gender among older couples in Mexico. This study examined (1) the effects of an individual’s depressive symptoms on their spouse’s symptoms and 2) whether living close to family buffered depression associations using data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (n=4,071 dyads, age 50+ at initial interview). Depressive symptoms were measured in 2001, 2003, 2012, 2015, and 2018 using a modified 8-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale. Multilevel modeling was used to fit a dual-intercept growth model (centered at 2012) of husbands’ and wives’ depressive symptoms over time, controlling for age and education. Results showed a partner effect for husbands and wives, such that having a spouse with greater depressive symptoms in 2001 was associated with greater subsequent depressive symptoms, but not with rate of change in symptoms, in 2012. There was also a moderation effect such that the deleterious effect of husbands’ depressive symptoms on wives’ symptoms, as well as rate of increase in symptoms, was higher when family lived nearby, suggesting family may potentially exacerbate depression associations among spouses rather than a buffering them as hypothesized.

Shifting Perspectives in Polar Research: Global Lessons on the Barriers and Drivers for Securing Academic Careers in Natural Sciences

The polar regions provide valuable insights into the functioning of the Earth’s regulating systems. Conducting field research in such harsh and remote environments requires strong international cooperation, extended planning horizons, sizable budgets and long-term investment. Consequently, polar research is particularly vulnerable to societal and economic pressures during periods of austerity. The global financial crisis of 2008, and the ensuing decade of economic slowdown, have already adversely affected polar research, and the current COVID-19 pandemic has added further pressure. In this article we present the outcomes of a community survey that aimed to assess the main barriers and success factors identified by academic researchers at all career stages in response to these global crises. The survey results indicate that the primary barriers faced by polar early and mid-career researchers (EMCRs) act at institutional level, while mitigating factors are developed at individual and group levels. Later career scientists report pressure toward taking early retirement as a means of institutions saving money, reducing both academic leadership and the often unrecognized but vital mentor roles that many play. Gender and social inequalities are also perceived as important barriers. Reorganization of institutional operations and more effective strategies for long-term capacity building and retaining of talent, along with reduction in non-research duties shouldered by EMCRs, would make important contributions toward ensuring continued vitality and innovation in the polar research community.

Adverse or therapeutic? A mixed-methods study investigating adverse effects of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in bipolar disorder

Background Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) are widely used in clinical and non-clinical populations, but little attention has been given to potential adverse effects (AEs). Aims This study aimed to gain insight in the prevalence and course of AEs during Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) for patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Method The current mixed-methods study was conducted as part of a RCT on (cost-) effectiveness of MBCT in 144 patients with BD (Trial registered on 25th of April 2018, ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03507647). During MBCT, occurrence of AEs was monitored prospectively, systematically, and actively (n = 72). Patients who reported AEs were invited for semi-structured interviews after completing MBCT (n = 29). Interviews were analysed with directed content analysis, using an existing framework by Lindahl et al. Results AEs were reported by 29 patients, in seven of whom the experiences could not be attributed to MBCT during the interview. AEs were reported most frequently up to week 3 and declined afterwards. Baseline anxiety appeared to be a risk factor for developing AEs. Seven existing domains of AEs were observed: cognitive, perceptual, affective, somatic, conative, sense of self, and social. Influencing factors were subdivided into predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating, and mitigating factors. With hindsight, more than half of patients considered the reported AEs as therapeutic rather than harmful. Conclusions Although the occurrence of AEs in MBCT for patients with BD is not rare, even in this population with severe mental illness they were not serious or had lasting bad effects. In fact, most of them were seen by the patients as being part of a therapeutic process, although some patients only experienced AEs as negative.

Nurse Burnout in Hospice and Palliative Care: A Scoping Review

Burnout in hospice and palliative care nurses is a growing issue, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, few studies have focused specifically on burnout in this population. A scoping review was undertaken to identify what is known about burnout among hospice and palliative care nurses, and to unify disparate findings. Analysis of eight articles revealed three overarching categories: personal factors, organizational/workplace factors, and nursing professional development factors. Each category was then divided into three cross-cutting subcategories: contributory and noncontributory factors, mitigating factors, and workplace issues. Recommendations for individuals include self-care as well as self-awareness of intrinsic characteristics that can predispose one to burnout. Within the workplace, leaders are challenged to support evidence-based practice and ongoing education. Role modeling positive communication skills, effective conflict mitigation, responsiveness, promotion of equity, and workplace commitment also help to create a culture of wellness. Nursing professional development may aid in resilience-building, and promotion of self-efficacy, self-confidence, and assertiveness. Although all identified recommendations were derived from the literature, no interventional studies have been conducted to test the effects of suggested interventions. Future research should include interventional studies as well as qualitative research to capture nuanced experiences of burnout in hospice and palliative care nurses.

SENTENCING THE ELDERLY – AN ACT OF MERCY OR DISCRIMINATION? S v Phillips (unreported, DCLD), case no CC141/08

In 2008, the authors’ note on advanced age as a mitigating factor in the South African criminal courts set out the Roman-Dutch history and the South African case law with regard to this issue. Brief reference was made to the position of the elderly offender in the Zimbabwean, English and Australian jurisdictions. The aim of this note is not to repeat what was said before, but to provide a wider perspective on the pertinent issues relating to sentencing the elderly (a contested term, but for present purposes referring to offenders over the age of 60), especially the concept of mercy. It should be reiterated that old age does not exclude criminal liability, but it can serve as one of many mitigating factors during sentencing although it is not a bar to imprisonment. The case of S v Phillips is no exception. The structure of this note is the following: it commences with a discussion of the Phillips judgment and to place it within a general problematic sentencing framework vis-a-vis the elderly. The concept of mercy is then examined in light of recent Commonwealth jurisprudence; whereafter parallels are drawn between the sentencing of a battered wife and the sentencing of a battered geriatric. The note concludes with a brief mention of the post-sentencing options available to an offender in the form of mercy and as well as parole.