Quantum mechanical four-dimensional non-polarizing beamsplitter

Some quantum optics researchers might not realize that classical electromagnetism predicts a $$\mathbf {\pi }$$ π phase shift between S- and P-polarized reflection and might think the reflection coefficients of the transverse modes are independent, or that such a phase shift has no measurable consequences. In this paper, we discuss theoretical grounds to define elements of a 4x4 matrix to represent the beamsplitter, accurately accounting for transverse polarization modes and phase relations between them. We also provide experimental evidence confirming this matrix representation. From a scientific point of view, the paper addresses a non-trivial equivalence between the classical fields Fresnel formalism and the canonical commutation relations of the quantized photonic fields. That the formalism can be readily verified with a simple experiment provides further benefit. The beamsplitter expression derived can be applied in the field of quantum computing.

On the Equivalence of Physical Theories

This chapter argues against formal accounts of theoretical equivalence in physics. It defends the importance of a theory’s picture of the world and its explanations of the phenomena, drawing on examples from classical physics, Newtonian gravitation, classical electromagnetism, special relativity, and quantum mechanics. The discussion draws a distinction between metaphysical equivalence and informational equivalence and argues that these are equally important to the equivalence of physical theories. The chapter concludes that there are fewer cases of wholly equivalent theories in physics than usually thought. However, this is not a problem, for it is still possible to talk about the various respects in which physical theories are, or are not, equivalent to one another.

Sedenionic formulation for the field equations of multifluid plasma

In this paper, the multifluid equations of a plasma are reformulated in terms of conic sedenions in order to better reflect the analogies between multifluid plasma equations and Maxwell equations of classical electromagnetism. This formalism also provides us an efficient mathematical tool for unification of equations of fluid dynamics and electromagnetism in a compact and elegant way. Although the presented formulation enables us to express all of the field equations related to different disciplines, a set of Maxwell equations for multifluid plasma is combined into a single sedenionic equation. Moreover, the wave equation with source terms is generalized in a form similar to gravi-electromagnetism counterpart previously derived using this type sedenion.

A new perspective on driving current density

This article discusses alternative and complementary proposals to j.C.Maxwell’s laws of classical electromagnetism, based on certain hypotheses, hypothetical examples and calculations, with results that may infer new interpretations about the physical phenomenon conduction current density. These new interpretations bring a new understanding to the dynamics of Gauss’s Law, and, being true, make the Amperre-Maxwell Law totally symmetrical to the faraday-lenz-maxwell law, without any mathematical or physical inconsistency. These understandings inevitably bring implications and points of view complementary to the classical theory of electromagnetism.

Spin is a superposition of circular charged trajectories

Connecting classical electromagnetism, quantum superposition of trajectories and the motion of a superposition of the elementary charge distribution of the electron, we conclude that spin is a quantum superposition of circular charged trajectories.