Functional Reaction of the Cardiovascular System to Irritation of Vestibular Receptors in Students Engaged in Different Types of Martial Arts

Regular dosed physical activity in all cases has a tonic and healing effect on a person. Feasible muscle activity helps to improve the function of the heart, lungs, blood vessels and the nervous system. In martial arts, the reactivity of the vestibular apparatus is of great importance, providing the flow of information about the current position of the body in space, the success of movement in it and maintaining the stability of the posture due to the effective redistribution of muscle tone. Purpose of the work: to find out the dependence of the reaction of the cardiovascular system to the arising vestibular irritation in different types of martial arts. Martial arts classes help to increase the degree of vestibular stability. The statokinetic stability is very pronounced and increases in the course of hand-to-hand combat, which has a lot of moments with different severity of angular accelerations. The peculiarities of motor activity in any kind of martial arts inevitably affect the peculiarities of the reaction to the test with a change in the position of the head.

Research on the Right of Innocent Passage in the Territorial Waters

This article takes the relevant legal system of innocent passage in the territorial waters in international law as the research object, combines the knowledge of jurisprudence, comprehensively uses comparative analysis, historical analysis, and law hermeneutics. Based on an in-depth analysis of the innocent passage system, the relevant practices and positions of various countries about the innocent passage system in territorial waters are summarized, and various issues such as whether innocent passage system in territorial waters is applicable to the warships are discussed. And analyzes China’s current position and practice on innocent passage system, and then put forward suggestions for improvement.

TO THE QUESTION OF ANALYSIS OF EQUATIONS OF MOTION OF A RIGID BODY DURING THE MECHANICAL OSCILATIONS

Depending on the current position of the mass in different areas of the spring deformation during the oscillation process the values that determines the natural frequency of free continuous oscillations have opposite signs. It is defined by the change in the direction of acceleration of the mass in these areas, which makes it possible to determine a single inhomogeneous differential equation of the oscillation process in different areas of the movement of the mass. When the oscillation amplitude is much less than the static position of the mass, this inhomogeneous differential equation represents a homogeneous differential equation of free undamped oscillations.

SELECTED INNOVATION TOOLS IN DESIGNING PROCESS MANAGEMENT

This contribution deals with the specification of the current immunity of strategy and status and level of procedural management in special organizational structures referred to as industrial clusters. It represents selected specifics of the design and application of innovative tools, system integration, and agile project management of clusters. It describes and explains the context between the strategy, the organizational structure, and the need for project procedural management at the current position and competitiveness of clusters on the market in demanding energy and environmental conditions. In the end, it shall submit its own author's design scheme for a new organizational project aimed at a cluster structure and draft management process and coordination of clustered projects for their clients.

Neural mechanisms of credit assignment for inferred relationships in a structured world

Animals have been proposed to abstract compact representations of a task's structure that could, in principle, support accelerated learning and flexible behavior. Whether and how such abstracted representations may be used to assign credit for inferred, but unobserved, relationships in structured environments are unknown. Here, we develop a novel hierarchical reversal-learning task and Bayesian learning model to assess the computational and neural mechanisms underlying how humans infer specific choice-outcome associations via structured knowledge. We find that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) efficiently represents hierarchically related choice-outcome associations governed by the same latent cause, using a generalized code to assign credit for both experienced and inferred outcomes. Furthermore, mPFC and lateral orbital frontal cortex track the inferred current "position" within a latent association space that generalizes over stimuli. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the importance both of tracking the current position in an abstracted task space and efficient, generalizable representations in prefrontal cortex for supporting flexible learning and inference in structured environments.

Human resource management studies in hospitality and tourism domain: a bibliometric analysis

Purpose Bibliometric analysis allows examining a large volume of bibliometric data within an objective perspective. The purpose of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis to reveal the current status of human resource management (HRM) studies while exploring research trends and future directions. Design/methodology/approach Web of Science was chosen to identify studies in the field. In total, 1,404 articles were selected for bibliometric analysis. The VOSviewer program was used to analyze and visualize obtained data. Findings The findings revealed that the most frequently used keywords were job satisfaction, hospitality, tourism, HRM and work engagement. Karatepe and Baum were the most cited authors and Inoue (2011), Felps (2009), Shaw (2011), Gursoy (2008) and Cooper (2006) were the most cited documents in HRM studies in the hospitality and tourism domain. Research limitations/implications The study provides some theoretical and practical implications. The study findings can give researchers and practitioners insights into the current position of HRM studies and trend topics. Besides, it can be used as a practical guide for determining potential gaps in the literature. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by bringing HRM studies in the hospitality and tourism fields together and revealing the current position of the inquiry by determining the most cited authors, articles, journals, organizations and collaborations among authors.

Stress generation, relaxation and size control in confined tumor growth

Experiments on tumor spheroids have shown that compressive stress from their environment can reversibly decrease tumor expansion rates and final sizes. Stress release experiments show that nonuniform anisotropic elastic stresses can be distributed throughout. The elastic stresses are maintained by structural proteins and adhesive molecules, and can be actively relaxed by a variety of biophysical processes. In this paper, we present a new continuum model to investigate how the growth-induced elastic stresses and active stress relaxation, in conjunction with cell size control feedback machinery, regulate the cell density and stress distributions within growing tumors as well as the tumor sizes in the presence of external physical confinement and gradients of growth-promoting chemical fields. We introduce an adaptive reference map that relates the current position with the reference position but adapts to the current position in the Eulerian frame (lab coordinates) via relaxation. This type of stress relaxation is similar to but simpler than the classical Maxwell model of viscoelasticity in its formulation. By fitting the model to experimental data from two independent studies of tumor spheroid growth and their cell density distributions, treating the tumors as incompressible, neo-Hookean elastic materials, we find that the rates of stress relaxation of tumor tissues can be comparable to volumetric growth rates. Our study provides insight on how the biophysical properties of the tumor and host microenvironment, mechanical feedback control and diffusion-limited differential growth act in concert to regulate spatial patterns of stress and growth. When the tumor is stiffer than the host, our model predicts tumors are more able to change their size and mechanical state autonomously, which may help to explain why increased tumor stiffness is an established hallmark of malignant tumors.

Intelligent Path Planning Approach for Autonomous Mobile Robot

This paper presents a new path planning algorithm for an autonomous mobile robot. It is desired that the robot reaches its goal in a known or partially known environment (e.g., a warehouse or an urban environment) and avoids collisions with walls and other obstacles. To this end, a new, efficient, simple, and flexible path finder strategy for the robot is proposed in this paper. With the proposed strategy, the optimal path from the robot’s current position to the goal position is guaranteed. The environment is represented as a grid-based map, which is then divided into a predefined number of subfields to reduce the number of required computations. This leads to a reduction in the load on the controller and allows a real-time response. To evaluate the flexibility and efficiency of the proposed strategy, several tests were simulated with environments of different sizes and obstacle distributions. The experimental results demonstrate the reliability and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

Legal consequences for the state arising from the use of weapons against civil aircraft: review and legal framework development

The authors elaborate on one of the controversial issues of international air law - safety of civil aircraft in flight in respect of the use of weapons against it. The first part of the present article considers major aerial accidents arising from shooting down the civil aircraft for the last 70 years as a factual basis for further legal analysis. In the second part, the authors back up customary prohibition of the use of weapons against civil aircraft in flight and legal consequences for states for violating the mentioned principle. The authors investigate the grounds for the security exception and conclude that the only grounds for derogation from the principle of non-use of weapons against civil aircraft is Article 51 of the UN Charter proclaiming the inherent right of the state to self-defence. Even in this case, the application of the security exception by the state is tolerated by using a set of precautions before employment of weapons. Finally, authors conclude that compensation for victims reflects the inevitable monetisation of human lives. Moreover, states negotiations reveal the controversial reality of trade-offs between them, where compensation amounts are occasionally affected by external political factors and current position of a particular state in the international community.

IMPROVING HUMAN AWARENESS DURING COLLABORATION WITH ROBOT: REVIEW

Human-robot collaboration is a widespread topic within the concept of Industry 4.0. Such collaboration brings new opportunities to improve ergonomics and innovative options for manufacturing automation; however, most of the modern collaborative industrial applications are limited by the fact that neither collaborative side is fully aware of the partner: the human operator may not see the robot movement due to own engagement in the work process, and the collaborative robot simply has no means of knowing the position of the operator. Dynamic replanning of the robot trajectory with respect to the operator's current position can increase the efficiency and safety of cooperation since the robot will be able to avoid collisions and proceed in task completion; however, the other side of communication remains unresolved. This paper provides a review of methods of improving human awareness during collaboration with a robot. Covered techniques include graphical, acoustic and haptic feedback implementations. The work is focused on the practical applicability of the approaches, and analyses present challenges associated with each method.