sensory ganglion
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2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ennio Pannese

The neuroglia of the central and peripheral nervous systems undergo numerous changes during normal aging. Astrocytes become hypertrophic and accumulate intermediate filaments. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells undergo alterations that are often accompanied by degenerative changes to the myelin sheath. In microglia, proliferation in response to injury, motility of cell processes, ability to migrate to sites of neural injury, and phagocytic and autophagic capabilities are reduced. In sensory ganglia, the number and extent of gaps between perineuronal satellite cells – that leave the surfaces of sensory ganglion neurons directly exposed to basal lamina– increase significantly. The molecular profiles of neuroglia also change in old age, which, in view of the interactions between neurons and neuroglia, have negative consequences for important physiological processes in the nervous system. Since neuroglia actively participate in numerous nervous system processes, it is likely that not only neurons but also neuroglia will prove to be useful targets for interventions to prevent, reverse or slow the behavioral changes and cognitive decline that often accompany senescence.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. eaaz5858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongchang Xiao ◽  
Qinqin Deng ◽  
Yanan Guo ◽  
Xiuting Huang ◽  
Min Zou ◽  
...  

Neural organoids provide a powerful tool for investigating neural development, modeling neural diseases, screening drugs, and developing cell-based therapies. Somatic cells have previously been reprogrammed by transcription factors (TFs) into sensory ganglion (SG) neurons but not SG organoids. We identify a combination of triple TFs Ascl1, Brn3b/3a, and Isl1 (ABI) as an efficient means to reprogram mouse and human fibroblasts into self-organized and networked induced SG (iSG) organoids. The iSG neurons exhibit molecular features, subtype diversity, electrophysiological and calcium response properties, and innervation patterns characteristic of peripheral sensory neurons. Moreover, we have defined retinal ganglion cell (RGC)–specific identifiers to demonstrate the ability for ABI to reprogram induced RGCs (iRGCs) from fibroblasts. Unlike iSG neurons, iRGCs maintain a scattering distribution pattern characteristic of endogenous RGCs. iSG organoids may serve as a model to decipher the pathogenesis of sensorineural diseases and screen effective drugs and a source for cell replacement therapy.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
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2020 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshizo Matsuka ◽  
Shaista Afroz ◽  
Junhel C. Dalanon ◽  
Takuma Iwasa ◽  
Arief Waskitho ◽  
...  
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2018 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Eroli ◽  
Inge C.M. Loonen ◽  
Arn M.J.M. van den Maagdenberg ◽  
Else A. Tolner ◽  
Andrea Nistri

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoya Hashimoto ◽  
Tadasu Sato ◽  
Takehiro Yajima ◽  
Masatoshi Fujita ◽  
Ayumi Sato ◽  
...  
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Author(s):  
Ana Palanca ◽  
Iñigo Casafont ◽  
María T. Berciano ◽  
Miguel Lafarga

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