A resource for the Edward S. Curtis Collection at the Art Gallery of Ontario

This thesis intends to contextualize the Edward S. Curtis (1868-1952) material at the Art Gallery of Ontario into a resource document containing cataloguing and background information. The fully illustrated essay and document provide details of Curtis’s life’s work, The North American Indian (1907-1930). The thesis is divided into two parts: a research paper and a resource document. The first part is a research paper describing Curtis’s project and the literature surrounding it and culminating in a description of the sixty-eight pieces in the AGO collection. The second part is an illustrated resource document that catalogues one object per page and includes an extended note for each object. The AGO collection of Curtis material consists of sixty-five photogravures, one cyanotype, one postcard, and one film.

A resource for the Edward S. Curtis Collection at the Art Gallery of Ontario

This thesis intends to contextualize the Edward S. Curtis (1868-1952) material at the Art Gallery of Ontario into a resource document containing cataloguing and background information. The fully illustrated essay and document provide details of Curtis’s life’s work, The North American Indian (1907-1930). The thesis is divided into two parts: a research paper and a resource document. The first part is a research paper describing Curtis’s project and the literature surrounding it and culminating in a description of the sixty-eight pieces in the AGO collection. The second part is an illustrated resource document that catalogues one object per page and includes an extended note for each object. The AGO collection of Curtis material consists of sixty-five photogravures, one cyanotype, one postcard, and one film.

A219 EARLY PREDICTORS OF UNFAVORABLE OUTCOME IN NORTH AMERICAN INDIAN CHILDHOOD CIRRHOSIS

Background North American Indian Childhood Cirrhosis (NAIC) has only been described in the Cree-Ojibway First Nations of Northern Quebec. NAIC presents with transient neonatal jaundice and progresses to biliary cirrhosis often requiring liver transplantation (LT) in childhood. Only 30 patients have been described to date and risk factors associated with an earlier progression to LT have not yet been identified. Moreover, NAIC patients seem to experience more fractures than other cholestatic patients, but this has not been confirmed. Aims With this study, we aimed to identify predictors at 6 months from presentation that might suggest progression to end-stage liver disease as well as evaluate bone health in affected patients. Methods The records of all NAIC patients diagnosed between 2000–2020 were reviewed. Subjects were split into 2 groups based on whether they had undergone LT or not (No_LT) before age 18. Recorded complications included: hepatic encephalopathy (HE), variceal bleeding (VB), ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), bacteremia, and pulmonary shunts. Laboratory data (alanine aminotransferase, ALT; total bilirubin, TB) were collected at presentation and follow-up. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (Z-scores) and number of fractures were compared between groups. NAIC patients were then compared to cohorts with other chronic cholestatic diseases such as biliary atresia (BA, n=24) and Alagille syndrome (AS, n=11). Results A total of 14 patients (M=9, F=5) were diagnosed with NAIC. Average age at presentation was 2.1 months (IQR 1–16.9 months), with 3 patients older than 18 months. Overall, 6 patients were transplanted (avg 8.6±1.7 years), one was listed for LT but died waiting, and 7 remained in a state of compensated cirrhosis. All complications were only observed in the LT group except for VB which also occurred in 2 patients of the No_LT group. Between presentation and 6 months, ALT and TB levels increased more in the LT vs No_LT group (p=ns). There was a greater variation of ALT/TB levels in the LT group (p=0.0047) even once the 3 patients with late referral were excluded (p=0.0381). No patient in the No_LT group had fractures, while 3 did in the LT group. BMD was lower in the LT group vs No_LT group (-2.2±1.2 vs. -1.1±1.3, p=ns). NAIC patients had lower BMD (-1.7±1.3) than those with AS (0.7±0.9, p=0.003) or BA (-0.9±1.4, p=ns) and had a higher prevalence of fractures (21.4% vs. 12.5% for BA and 18.2% for AS patients). Conclusions In patients with NAIC, variation of ALT/TB levels at 6 months from presentation may be used as an early predictor of unfavorable outcome and progression towards end-stage liver disease. Patients who evolved to LT had more complications, higher prevalence of fractures and lower BMD values. Compared to children with BA or AS, NAIC patients had poorer bone health. Funding Agencies None

North America

This chapter explores the typologically rich but relatively understudied prosodic systems attested in North American Indian languages, many of which are either critically endangered or no longer spoken. Both word-level patterns (including stress, tone, and pitch accent) and higher-level phenomena (encompassing intonation and prosodic constituency) are considered within the broader contexts of prosodic typology and prosodic drift. Topics include segmental manifestations of metrical structure, phonetic correlates of prominence, the interaction between word-level and phrase-level prosody, morphological effects on stress, and tone–stress interactions. Drawing on a combination of phonetic and phonological data, this chapter synthesizes the relatively small number of rigorous case studies of individual languages with the considerably larger set of more cursory descriptions of North American Indian languages in order to gain an appreciation of this linguistic area’s numerous important contributions to both language description and linguistic theory.

Following the Footprints of Edward S. Curtis: A Tale of the Vanishing Race

In 2007, Marie Clements, a Canadian playwright, was asked to prepare a play about the cultural history of Canada. She decided to write a play about Edward S. Curtis, the author of an epic series of photographic works titled The North American Indian, published between 1900 and 1930. Clements invited to the project Rita Leistner, a Canadian photographer, who was responsible for the graphic aspect of the play. Her task was to recreate the way taken by Curtis while immortalizing scenes from the life of the indigenous peoples. Both artists took a fascinating journey following the footsteps of Curtis documenting today’s presence of the First Nations in the United States and Canada. This article, based on the project of Clements and Leistner, discusses the ambiguity of the medium of photography, one which ‘recreates’the reality and at the same time allows the authors to‘create’ it. It presents three basic themes: the mission and work of Edward S. Curtis; the play titled The Edward Curtis Project: A Modern Picture Story by Marie Clements; and the photographs – prepared by Rita Leistner – which were used in play and then published in the book of the same title. The purpose of this text is to present the project of the Canadian authors in the context of visual sociology and anthropology, and to show the potential of photography as a means of building social discourse and creating a narrative of a specific community. It is founded on the assumption that the artistic project in question – based on (both passive and active) participation of the authors in the everyday life of the community presented in it – becomes a source of valuable research material, which can then be subjected to scientific interpretations.

Around Richard Münch’s Academic Capitalism Theory

The author reviews the main elements of Richard Münch’s academic capitalism theory. By introducing categories like “audit university” or “entrepreneurial university,” the German sociologist critically sets today’s academic management model against the earlier, modern-era conception of academic work as an “exchange of gifts.” In the sociological and psychological sense, he sees the latter’s roots in traditional social lore, for instance the potlatch ceremonies celebrated by some North-American Indian tribes and described by Marcel Mauss. Münch shows the similarities between the old, “gift exchanging” model and the contemporary one with its focus on the psycho-social fundamentals of scientific praxis, and from this gradually derives the academic capitalism conception. He concludes with the critical claim that science possesses its own, inalienable axiological autonomy and anthropological dimension, which degenerate as capitalism proceeds to “colonise” science by means of state authority and money (here Münch mentions Jürgen Habermas and his philosophical argumentation).The author also offers a somewhat broader view of Münch’s analyses in the context of his own reflections on the problem.