Connecting Moral Status to Proper Legal Status

This chapter entertains three proposals as to the connection between an animal’s moral status and what legal status it ought to have. The first proposal is this strong claim: that an act wrongs an animal is a justification for criminalizing it. The second proposal is this moderate claim: that an act constitutes an injustice to an animal is a justification for criminalizing it. Both of these proposals can be vindicated if an argument for legal moralism that the author constructs, drawing on the work of Michael Moore, is sound. Meanwhile, Martha Nussbaum, Alasdair Cochrane, and Robert Garner have each argued for the second proposal. The chapter demonstrates that all four of these arguments are unsound. The third proposal is this claim: it is obligatory for legislators to eliminate any aspect of the law that facilitates the wronging of animals. This proposal, the author argues, is sound. Comparatively weak though this proposal is, the chapter extracts from it radical implications for animal ownership and state funding of medical research on animal subjects.

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En el número actual, los textos transitan mayoritariamente sobre el ámbito de las artes escénicas y musicales, sin desprenderse de la dimensión de la imagen puesta en movimiento como factor que se reitera en los manuscritos que hemos publicado. La edición contempla como siempre la incorporación de la obra de una artista de la región, Pamela Román, quien desarrolla y practica el grabado como espacio de experimentación y expresión; en esta oportunidad nos presenta “REVERDECER”, una mirada sobre la corporalidad humana y la transformación que viene desarrollando desde la naturaleza; asimismo, como colofón. José Antonio Abreu realiza una reseña sobre Fahrenheit 11/9, documental del director Michael Moore, donde además de la denuncia política como perfil de su filmografía, construye un discurso muy visual, con recursos donde la imagen es fundamental; una constante que en nuestros últimos números, sigue siendo protagonista.

Uso de vídeo com narrativa digital como proposta para instigar a motivação em cursos a distância

A Educação a Distância tem como um de seus desafios manter o aluno motivado. Uma das formas de vencer esse desafio é produzir material didático de qualidade. Portanto, este artigo tem como objetivo propor a produção de vídeo com narrativa digital, como estratégia para instigar a motivação do aluno, melhorar as interações no ambiente virtual e revitalizar o material didático de uma disciplina a distância. O artigo foi desenvolvido a partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório e as teorias da aprendizagem multimídia (Richard Mayer), da carga cognitiva (John Sweller) e da distância transacional (Michael Moore) embasaram este estudo.

Persepsi Mahasiswa STAI DR KH.EZ. Muttaqien Dalam Perkuliahan Jarak Jauh (PJJ) Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang terdampak penyebaran global wabah Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19). Virus telah mengubah gaya hidup di semua aspek kehidupan secara signifikan. Salah satu perubahan di bidang pendidikan. Proses pembelajaran di semua jenjang mengalami perubahan, semula dilakukan secara tatap muka, namun sekarang dilakukan secara online. Kondisi tersebut memaksa seluruh elemen pendidikan tak terkecuali mahasiswa dan dosen untuk mengikuti perubahan prosedur, mekanisme, sistem, dan budaya pendidikan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif deskriptif melalui survei dengan teknik multistage random sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa teori, diantaranya tesis Hilary Parraton (1988) tentang pembelajaran jarak jauh, teori transaksional jarak jauh Michael Moore (1970) dan tesis Wedemeyer (1981) tentang inti dari pendidikan jarak jauh adalah kemandirian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat siswa yang belum memiliki fasilitas proses pembelajaran online, meskipun jumlahnya lebih sedikit. Hanya 0,6%. Artinya masih ada siswa yang tidak dapat mengikuti proses pembelajaran online. Selain itu, mereka tidak memiliki fasilitas proses pembelajaran online, dan juga terkendala kuota dan jaringan internet. Sehingga, semua siswa tidak dapat mengikuti proses pembelajaran online karena keterbatasan fasilitas tersebut. Menurut hasil penelitian, kualitas pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran jarak jauh online sangat mencengangkan. Mereka menunjukkan 74% responden mengatakan bahwa kinerja kuliah jarak jauh online selama pandemi COVID 19 tidak lebih baik dari studi reguler atau kuliah tatap muka. 8,9% responden mengatakan lebih baik daripada penyelidikan tradisional, dan 17% responden mengatakan bahwa pelajaran online sama dengan kuliah tatap muka di kampus.

Legal Realism and Functional Kinds: Michael Moore’s Metaphysically Reductionist Naturalism

Michael Moore defends an account of scientific, mental, moral, and legal properties, according to which there are not only natural kinds, but also moral and functional kinds; and he maintains, more specifically that: 1) distinctively legal phenomena, such as legal rights, precedent, malice, etc. are functional kinds, in the sense that they have a nature that consists in the function they fulfill in law, 2) the function of a functional kind is that effect, or those effects, of the functional kind that causally contribute more than does any of its other effects to the goal of the larger system within which it occurs, and 3) functional kinds can be reduced to indefinitely large disjunctions of natural properties, 4) the relevant version of naturalism is metaphysically reductionist naturalism, and 5) functional kinds play an indispensable role in the explanation of human behaviour. I argue, however, 1) that the method for determining the function of a (purported) functional kind proposed by Moore is too indeterminate to be able to pin down the function. I also argue 2) that it turns out to be very difficult to identify the properties that are part of the indefinitely large disjunction of natural properties which, on Moore’s analysis, is identical to a functional kind, 3) that functional kinds cannot be part of the best explanation of human behaviour, because they lack nomological unity, and that they lack such unity because they are necessarily multiply realizable, and 4) that Moore will therefore have to give up: a) the view that functional kinds are identical to indefinitely large disjunctions of natural properties, b) the view that functional kinds are part of the best explanation of human behaviour, or both (a and b). I also argue 5) that the idea of a functional kind should not play a central role in any theory of law or legal reasoning.

The Willed Trance: Volition, Voluntariness and Hypnotised Defendants

Traditionally, jurists have distinguished between voluntary/involuntary behaviour via the theory of volition. Though perceived as the conventional approach, this paper argues that the volitional understanding of voluntariness is an inadequate instrument for assessing complex behaviours which seemingly portray a striking level of intelligence and purposiveness on the part of the accused. In particular, the phenomenon known as hypnotically-induced behaviour, which forms the focus of this paper, is one such troublesome case. To this end, the version of the volitional theory most staunchly advocated by Professor Michael Moore is singled out for scrutiny, due to his strong sentiments supporting the application of his philosophy to these aforementioned behaviours. In contrast to Moore, this paper suggests that the position most recently proposed by the Law Commission of England and Wales within their discussion paper on the defences of insanity and automatism is to be preferred. Specifically, the Commission recommend substituting the theory of volition for that of ‘control’ as a means for assessing the voluntariness of any given behaviour. This paper submits that a theory of control has two major advantages over the traditional theory of volitionalism. First, the possession/absence of control more accurately reflects the contemporary system of criminal law in England and Wales. Second, a theory of control is more conceptually defensible as an explanation for why behaviours performed under hypnosis are typically perceived as involuntary.

Activismo antitrumpista: Ken Burns y Michael Moore en la trinchera del documental estadunidense

Al entender al documental como una herramienta que adquiere un papel activo en la construcción de identidades políticas y en la conformación de la historia de las comunidades, el objetivo del texto es analizar los documentales de dos cineastas estadounidenses —Michael Moore y Ken Burns— en relación con la candidatura y gestión presidencial de Donald Trump. A través de una metodología cualitativa de corte interpretativo, se descubre que los directores y sus respectivos documentales —Michael Moore in Trumpland (2016), Fahrenheit 11/9 (2018) y The Central Park Five (2012)— abonan y participan en el debate nacional actual, coincidiendo en un contexto que consideran peligroso y urgente, a pesar de sus profundas diferencias y matices. Se concluye que en Estados Unidos, como desde hace nueve décadas, el documental sigue siendo una herramienta necesaria de la disidencia para abrir discusiones sobre temas que se consideran de relevancia nacional.

Atsushi Shibasaki: A Conversation with Antonio Negri: Empire Before and After, Multitude, Passion and Emotion, Bob Dylan and Michael Moore, and More.

This is a conversation between Antonio Negri, one of the most preeminent political philosophers, and Professor Atsushi Shibasaki, who was a guest professor at the Institute for European Global Studies during 2017/2018, with a translation by Professor Teresa Pullano. Their talk, which was based on a letter by Professor Shibasaki, deals with a range of issues, from Negri’s academic background and his forthcoming book to his view on music and films. In particular, their dialogue extends to reaching a comparison between Negri and Makoto Oda and Yusuke Maki, who are less well-known in Europe but have much in common with Negri’s theory and philosophy. Thus, the interview reveals many significant but somewhat overlooked theoretical and philosophical possibilities of cross-cultural interaction between Negri and non-European thinkers.

Delitos de odio y motivos emocionales

En este trabajo, respondo algunas de las críticas tradicionales al modo agravado de reprochar ciertos motivos emocionales. En particular, me centro en si existe alguna justificación para castigar más gravemente los delitos cometidos por ciertos motivos o, si, por el contrario, ese reproche es, en última instancia, solo una manera especial de censurar los “pensamientos malvados” de los agentes. Restrinjo mi análisis a una importante propuesta, formulada por Heidi Hurd y Michael Moore, con la esperanza de que esta discusión crítica sea ilustrativa de los principales problemas y argumentos acerca de los motivos emocionales. Por último, sostengo que el reproche calificado (agravado) en caso de delitos cometidos por motivos emocionales, e.g., odio, está justificado siempre que comprendamos adecuadamente el papel que juegan los motivos como determinantes de la conducta del agente.