STATISTICAL STUDY OF SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE AT THE MESO-LEVEL

Significant transformations in the Russian economy in 1990-2000 negatively affected the development of agriculture. The number of workers in the industry has declined, and the production of some types of products has dropped to catastrophic levels. In this regard, we consider it timely and necessary to conduct a statistical study of the state of the industry at the meso-level and the factors that influence it. The aim of the research is to study the development of agriculture at the meso-level in the historical aspect based on statistical methods for assessing the current and forecasting future states. The object of research is Orenburg region and its municipalities, which is due to a number of reasons: the region occupies a stable leading position in the agriculture of Volga Federal District; the industry’s contribution to GRP is about 8%; municipalities of the region are in unequal conditions that affect the development of agriculture in the region. The development of crop production in Orenburg region in 1991-2019 characterized by an increase in sunflower production and a lateral trend in gross grain harvest, while the production of silage, annual and perennial grasses significantly decreased. The lack of a forage base against the background of low early maturity led to a significant reduction in the number of cattle - this negatively affected milk production in the region. Meat production managed to keep from falling only due to the growth of poultry population. The construction of regression models based on panel data covering 35 municipalities (period 2000-2019 and 5 variables) showed that three factors influence the volume of agricultural production - the availability of acreage, investment in fixed assets and the number of cattle. The constructed statistically significant regression model with fixed effects indicates a stable structure of producers and the presence of hidden factors. This determines the direction of further research, which consists in identifying latent variables that have a significant impact on the development of the region’s industry

The Development of Digital Technologies in a Transformational Change in Production

The present article examines the issues of digital transformation of the production sphere (based on methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization and systematization of material relevant to the topic), which has great relevance for changes in modern production due to the transition to a new technological mode. The role of production, especially the industrial production, in the historical aspect of socio-economic development of the country is always pivotal and the competitiveness of economic systems at the micro, meso and macro levels of the country, as well as the country as a whole in the world market, depends on the timeliness of its modernization. The analysis of the production output categories allowed the authors to find out the specific weight of innovative products and give its characteristic in the aspect of production sectors: 1) high-tech; 2) medium-tech; 3) low-tech. Therein, it is shown that the first group has only 25 % of industries in it, the second has 31 % and the third has 44 %. Russia’s share of innovative products (services) in the world market is only 4,3 %, and the business sector has software deficiency. The authors draw the conclusion that, in order to intensify the modernization of the production sphere, it is necessary to widely implement digital technologies in small industrial enterprises, as well as in import-substituting enterprises, as they are more receptive to innovation. The authors examined the structure of manufacturing production and provided a description of the state of digitalization in all federal districts of Russia. They also carried out a correlation and regression analysis of the digitalization potential of the production sphere, based on the assessment of the closeness of the relationship between the use of broadband Internet and the volume of manufacturing production.

ON THE ESSENCE OF EVIDENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE USE OF NEW DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN CIVIL PROCEDURAL ACTIVITIES

In this article, taking into account the historical aspect, an analysis of the immanent content of such a key category as “evidence” in civil procedure is given. A gradual change in theoretical and practical points of view on the essence of judicial evidence is revealed: from a simple indication that it should be understood as a fact that convinces the justice body of the rightness of the side of a legal incident (I. Vladislavlev and others); before argumentation – proof is a dialectical trinity of content, form and procedural method of obtaining and researching legally significant information (M.K. Treushnikov and others). In the aspect of the ongoing dynamic digital transformation of public relations, the question of what essentially constitutes electronic evidence, whether it should be allocated as an independent category, or whether it is covered by means of evidence already existing in the law, is being studied. Taking into account international and Russian experience, additional arguments are presented in favor of the fact that electronic evidence can be successfully used in the consideration and resolution of civil and administrative cases by courts, regardless of their autonomous consolidation in the current procedural legislation, along with written, material and other traditional means of proof. This is explained by the fact that by themselves electronic evidence fully meets the basic criteria that characterize any evidence in modern civil procedure.

Historical Aspect of Inflation in Pre and Post Covid-19 Pandemic in Pakistan

Covid-19 Pandemic proved to be very dangerous and catastrophic in the entire history of mankind. It affected every corner of the world within less than a year. It changed the lifestyle and paralyzed all modern technology and killed millions of people around the globe. This study presents the historical overview of major world pandemics and Covid-19 as well. It also examines the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on inflation and on other sectors of Pakistan's economy. The results reveal that covid-19 is the main culprit responsible for double digit inflation and slow economic growth in Pakistan. The present study explores that during 2020 high inflation was due to world lock down while in 2021 the main cause of inflation was persistent increase in oil prices, food shortage, political instability in Afghanistan and devaluation of Pakistan’s rupee. The results indicate that Covid-19 affects adversely every sector of Pakistan economy. The study suggests that government should pay proper attention to health of the general public and implement suitable policies to stabilize the economic growth.

Arctic labor market: current state and development dynamics

Статья посвящена изучению рынка труда арктических районов Якутии, для которого характерны дискомфортные условия жизни и трудовой деятельности. Состояние регионального рынка труда определяется историческим аспектом развития производительных сил и производственных отношений, эта диспропорция является традиционной со времен СССР. Сегодня рынок труда подвержен негативному влиянию демографических тенденций, сложной эпидемиологической и экономической ситуацией в стране и, как следствие ростом напряженности на рынке труда. Рынок труда, как любая система, имеет свою структуру и изучение всех его компонентов необходимы для достижения социально-экономических задач государства. Цель исследования – проанализировать изменения на рынке труда арктических районов Якутии, выявить специфику, ключевые проблемы и ориентиры развития. Работа опирается на данные региональной и муниципальной статистики. Для решения поставленных задач использованы экономико-статистические методы анализа сложившихся тенденций на рынке труда, в том числе связанные с кризисными явлениями 2020 г. Объектом исследования выступают Анабарская, Приленская, Янская, Индигирская, Колымская группы арктических районов Якутии. Результаты анализа свидетельствуют о высокой роли миграции в формировании трудового потенциала арктических районов, снижением численности работников предприятий и ростом численности безработных. Автор считает, что проблемы рынка труда арктических районов выступают препятствием для устойчивого развития Арктической зоны Якутии. The article is devoted to the study of the labor market in the Arctic districts of Yakutia, which is characterized by uncomfortable living and working conditions. The state of the regional labor market is determined by the historical aspect of the development of productive forces and industrial relations; this disproportion has been traditional since the USSR. Today, the labor market is subject to the negative impact of demographic trends, the difficult epidemiological and economic situation in the country and, as a consequence, the growing tension in the labor market. The labor market, like any system, has its own structure and the study of all its components is necessary to achieve the socio-economic objectives of the state. The purpose of the study was to analyze changes in the labor market in the Arctic disctircts of Yakutia, to identify the specifics, key problems and development guidelines. The work was based on the data from regional and municipal statistics. To solve the tasks set, economic and statistical methods of analyzing the current trends in the labor market, including those related to the crisis phenomena of 2020, were used. The object of the study was the Anabar, Lena, Yana, Indigirska and Kolyma groups of the Arctic disctircts of Yakutia. The results of the analysis indicate a high role of migration in the formation of the labor potential of the Arctic districts, a decrease in the number of employees of enterprises and an increase in the number of unemployed people. The author believes that the problems of the Arctic labor market are an obstacle to the sustainable development of the Arctic zone of Yakutia.

Levels of changes in the genus Pinus Linné in the composition of Mesozoic and Cenozoic flora and vegetation as an additional criterion for the division of sediments by the Mesozoic and Cenozoic of Ukraine

The article presents an analysis of a large array of results of palynological studies of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments of Ukraine and adjacent regions of Belarus and Russia. Numerous literature data on the palynological characteristics of Meso-Cenozoic sediments and the materials of the authors are summarized according to the results of spore-pollen analysis of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments within the main tectonic structures of Ukraine. It has been established that the genus Pinus (Pinaceae) is an integral part of the Meso-Cenozoic flora of Ukraine. Although, the participation in the flora and vegetation of the genus Pinus and its species diversity in different periods of geological time were different. Despite the long history and significant achievements of palynological research of Meso-Cenozoic sediments of Ukraine, no attention has been paid to the historical aspect of Pinus development in the Meso-Cenozoic flora. This work is presented as the first stem to fill this gap. The genus Pinus has a large stratigraphic range, but its species diversity and quantitative changes in the composition of Mesozoic and Cenozoic flora of different ages are markedly different. The analysis of these changes made it possible to trace the emergence and main levels at which the species composition was renewed and the role of Pinus in flora increased during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. According to the results of the research, 5 levels of increasing the participation of the genus Pinus and changes in its species affiliation in the Mesozoic flora were established: Aalenian period of the Middle Jurassic (appearance of the first representatives of Pinus); Oxfordian time of the Late Jurassic; Valanginian – Early Barremian times of the Early Cretaceous; Albian time of the Early Cretaceous; Late Campanian time of the Late Cretaceous. 5 levels of increasing the role of Pinus and its species diversity for the flora and vegetation of the Cenozoic were also established: Oligocene time of the Paleogene, Konkian-early Sarmatian time of the Middle Miocene; early Pontian (Ivankov) time of the Late Miocene; early Kimmerian time (early Sevastopol) of the Early Pliocene and Martonosha time of the Early Neopleistocene. Certain levels have been traced for the similar age of Cenozoic flora of Belarus and Russia.

From the history of mutual cooperation of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the states of Central Asia (1991-2000)

This research article deals with the accepted and implemented agreements of the Central Asian states after after the fall of the Soviet Union: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan in the field of political and economic cooperation, defense, cultural, social and humanitarian spheres. The relations of the Central Asian states are the object of this research and are considered as a political and historical aspect. These Central Asian states have their own history of development, which was formed in the post-Soviet period. Therefore, scientific literature and archival documents were brought to scientific analysis in order to study their initiatives and agreements on cooperation with each other at the international level from a scientific point of view in the field of historical science and consider them in the historical and political aspect. From the theory methodological point studying the political, economic, socio-cultural development of the states of Central Asia in the historical and political aspect, as well as in the system of international relations is one of the most important problems. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize and analyze scientific literature, archival data and information contained in the collection of documents related to this topic from a scientific point of view. As a result, mutual agreements, friendship and cooperation between the states of Central Asia, strategic partnership in the areas of development were also studied, and an analysis of their past and future was carried out

HISTORICAL ASPECT OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF PARTNERSHIP PEDAGOGY

In the article, the periodization of the formation and development of partnership pedagogy has been based on socio-pedagogical prerequisites, clarifying the contribution of prominent philosophers, educator-innovators in the development of theoretical, methodological, and technological aspects of partnership pedagogy. The author divides the formation and development of the pedagogy of partnership into two periods: the preparatory and the development of the ideas of partnership pedagogy.The chronological framework of the preparatory period – from antiquity (V century BC) to the 80s of the XX century has been determined. There are two stages within the preparatory period: the first stage – from antiquity (V century BC) to the 50s of the twentieth century, the second stage – the 50–80s of the twentieth century. It has been established that within the first stage, the studied phenomenon is not the object of purposeful holistic study it appeals to it are spontaneous and unsystematic, knowledge about it is scanty and contradictory. The second stage of the preparatory period (the '50s – the mid-'80s of the twentieth century) has been characterized by a systematic study of certain aspects of the problem, the emergence of theories and concepts of cooperation pedagogy, which in the future form the basis of partnership pedagogy, help determine its formation and development.The peculiarities of the second period of the partnership pedagogy development (from 1986 to the present) have been clarified. Two stages of this period are distinguished by the author: the first – from 1986 to 2016, the second – from 2016 to the present. The first stage begins with the signing by the teachers-innovators of the Manifesto “Pedagogy of Cooperation” (1986) and has been characterized by a thorough scientific study, design of ways and means of development of the cooperation pedagogy. Since 2016, when the Concept of the New Ukrainian School has been adopted, the second stage of the second period of formation of partnership pedagogy begins. The concept of “partnership pedagogy” has been transferred from the world view to the normative plane; research is actively carried out, and ideas of partnership pedagogy are developed. Keywords: partnership pedagogy; cooperation pedagogy; philosophical thought; humanism; teachers-innovators; New Ukrainian School; periodization; formation and development.

POTENTIAL OF PERSONALITY: HISTORICAL RETROSPECTIVE

The essence of personality potential is one of the important characteristics of understanding a person as an integral being, creating an individual space of personal aspirations and values. The origins of the problem under consideration in various forms are present in the philosophical reflections of many researchers and have a long history. Even Socrates, Plotinus, Cicero, Thomas Aquinas drew attention to the deep foundations and spiritual essence of man, to the presence of virtues in a state of potential stagnation, to the need for their development in order to achieve the ideal of perfection. N. Kuzansky, S. L. Frank, P. I. Tillich noted the presence of latent force unfolding in time in living beings, the rejection of the self and introduction into something higher, the correlation of the divine and the human, the interconnection of things and events, etc. The modern world actualizes the solution to the problem, creating conditions for a deeper understanding of the potential, consideration of its integrity and the essential foundations of maximum realization. The crisis in all spheres of human life, economic, political, social, requires a quantum leap in understanding the potential and building, on the basis of modern studies of the phenomenon, new projects for transforming reality. In this regard, understanding the historical aspect of studying the logic of the genesis of potential makes an invaluable contribution to solving this problem. Understanding the depth of philosophical thought in a historical retrospective about the origin, emergence and existence of potential will allow you to connect the past and the present, as well as qualitatively advance into the future.

The historical aspect of the systematization of criminalistic knowledge in the countries of the world

The article is devoted to the history of formation of criminalistics knowledge in different countries of the world. Some issues of the history of systematization of forensic knowledge have been studied by such scientists as R. S. Belkin, M. V. Danshin, V. A. Zhuravel, V. P. Kolmakov, V. O. Konovalova, V. V. Yusupov, V. Yu. Shepitko and al. However, the works do not reveal the historical aspect of systematization and formation of the system of criminalistics knowledge.The purpose of the article is to consider issues related to the history of systematization of criminalistics knowledgeAttention is drawn to the differences in the understanding of different scholars of the system of criminalistics knowledge in different historical periods. The process of systematization of criminalistics knowledge in different countries of the world is analyzed. Issues related to the formation of a system of criminalistics knowledge are outlined.The history of systematization of criminalistics knowledge covers several stages. Scientific works are characterized, which contain a certain system of criminalistics knowledge proposed by various authors. Yes, one of the first to summarize and classify criminalistics knowledge was Hans Gross. Also in different countries of the world, scientists have proposed their vision of the system of criminalistics knowledge. In particular, in the works of Uils William, A. Chebyshev-Dmitriev, RA Reissa, S.M. Tregubov, E. Locar, etc., as well as in many legislative acts of France, England, Scotland, North America contain criminalistics recommendations for the investigation of crimes