Joint application of radar visibility reduction and anti-radar masking technologies to protect aircraft from remote monitoring systems

Using spectral energy equations of transmission-reception of wave processes in radio channel with scattering on object and direct radio channel, analysis of energy ratios of information signals and active masking interference at inputs of receivers of remote monitoring systems is carried out. Measures to reduce visibility are aimed at changing the reflective signatures of objects in the interests of reducing the de-masking features contained in secondary electromagnetic radiation to limits that exclude the performance of radar monitoring tasks at established distances and time intervals. Active interference is designed to mask information signals in receiving channels of radar at power that does not allow detecting their designers by passive radar. In case of joint application of not iceability reducing devices and active jammers, radar range reducing coefficient is determined by product of coefficient characterizing possibility of autonomous masking of information signals and coefficient achievable due to reduction of secondary electromagnetic radiation power in the second degree. The laws of increase of aircraft stealth from radar observation with joint application of technologies of reduction of radar visibility and masking by intentional interference created from sides of protected objects and from assigned points have been investigated. In order to maintain the desired signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the receiver with a decrease in the duration of the probing signal, it is necessary to proportionally increase the density of the emitted energy. With given antenna sizes, the maximum signal transmission range is proportional to the root square of their cyclic carrier frequency; increase of this parameter leads to increase of partial coefficient of directional action and effective area of antenna. With a decrease in the cyclic frequency of the carrier of the probing signal, inorder to maintain the required directional properties of the antennas, it is necessary to increase their dimensions.

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Multisensor Monitoring during Home Confinement Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic

Aims: The utilization of remote monitoring platforms was recommended amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The HeartLogic index combines multiple implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) sensors and has proved to be a predictor of impending heart failure (HF) decompensation. We examined how multiple ICD sensors behave in the periods of anticipated restrictions pertaining to physical activity. Methods: The HeartLogic feature was active in 349 ICD and cardiac resynchronization therapy ICD patients at 20 Italian centers. The period from 1 January to 19 July 2020, was divided into three phases: pre-lockdown (weeks 1–11), lockdown (weeks 12–20), post-lockdown (weeks 21–29). Results: Immediately after the implementation of stay-at-home orders (week 12), we observed a significant drop in median activity level whereas there was no difference in the other contributing parameters. The median composite HeartLogic index increased at the end of the Lockdown. The weekly rate of alerts was significantly higher during the lockdown (1.56 alerts/week/100 pts, 95%CI: 1.15–2.06; IRR = 1.71, p = 0.014) and post-lockdown (1.37 alerts/week/100 pts, 95%CI: 0.99–1.84; IRR = 1.50, p = 0.072) than that reported in pre-lockdown (0.91 alerts/week/100 pts, 95%CI: 0.64–1.27). However, the median duration of alert state and the maximum index value did not change among phases, as well as the proportion of alerts followed by clinical actions at the centers and the proportion of alerts fully managed remotely. Conclusions: During the lockdown, the system detected a significant drop in the median activity level and generated a higher rate of alerts suggestive of worsening of the HF status.

Designing a Smart Pillow for Sleep Quality Remote Monitoring

This paper proposes a low cost IoT solution to detect head movements and positions of a patient by means of Force Sensing Resistors positioned on a pillow and connected to a micro-controller collecting patient data anytime, when sleeping, sending it to the cloud and making it available to healthcare professionals. The impact of this work is focused on monitoring sleep quality, using low-cost and easy to use pillows in an ambulatory scenario, without the need of expensive and dedicated sleeping rooms for sleep monitoring, which most of the times affect patient sleep and degrades the quality of the measurement.In this case it is possible to monitor the patient’s behavior throughout the entire sleep, important for detecting factors causing minor head and neck injuries and even checking for events of long pauses in respiratory rate.