Multiculturalidad en folletines chilenos de filiación “indiana” del siglo XIX

A singular corpus of the Chilean narrative of the nineteenth century develops the topic of prevented love between Spaniards and Mapuche, according to which the happy ending only be possible through the civilization of the indigenous or thanks to their submission to Christian doctrine. For this reason, these are texts nor alien to the debate that is currently present in the theses regarding categories such as multiculturalism, interculturality, cultural plurality, among other approaches and exposes interculturality as “conflictivity” (Fornet-Betancourt, 1998, Dussel, 2005; García Canclini, 2011) according to the hybrid, precarious and inharmonious condition. It is, in fact, a “culturizing” narrative that gives way to paroxysmal outcomes typical of the folletin which at the time were called as typical of an “indian novel” by Zorobabel Rodriguez (1873). Our working hypothesis proposes that these transgressions end up being transferred from the melodramatic imaginary to a historiographical and cultural condition that does not attend to the conflictive but to the hegemonic with respect the conformation of our national identity.

Congolese Literature as Part of Planetary Literature

Historically and economically, the Congo has been considered one of the most internationalized states of Africa. The idea that African cultural plurality was minimized during the colonial era has to be reconsidered because textual negotiations and exchanges (cosmopolitan and vernacular, written and oral) have been frequent during and after colonization, mostly in urban areas. Through multilingual examples, this paper aims to question the co-construction of linguistic and literary pluralism in Congo and to advocate for the necessity of a transdisciplinary and collaborative approach, to understand the common life of African vernacular and cosmopolitan languages. I show that world literature models based on Pierre Bourdieu’s notion of negotiation between center and periphery thus have to be replaced by a concept of multilingual global history. Finally, I propose the notion of “planetary literature” as a new way of understanding the interconnection between literatures taking care of the world.

Populism, inequality, and the construction of the “other”: an anthropological approach to the far right in Brazil

Starting from the discussion about the contributions of anthropological perspectives to the study of the extreme right, the article proposes to present some initial analysis about this political ideology in Brazil. It focuses on the construction of the sociocultural and ideological profile of the Bolsonaro government. Specifically, the goal is analysing the form in which the Brazilian government redefines and considers ethnic-racial identities and how it builds its own identity by opposing them. In this sense, this article addresses indigenous alterity, seeking to observe how it is re-signified in Bolsonaro’s project. Observing this encounter between the far-right and otherness in the Brazilian context allows to verify values and meanings it gives to cultural plurality, the imaginaries and social representations it builds, and from this to understand how it presents itself and which project of society it defends.

LINGUO-COMMUNICATIVE DIMENSION OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY

The article deal with the linguo-communicative analysis of the transformation of the national-civil society under the influence of multiculturalism as a comprehensive legitimation of the cultural plurality practice. The study is based on a hypothesis of the complex and ambiguous nature of the language and culture interactions. «Language-culture» relations encompasses all the layers of the language system, all functions of the language, which leads to the heterogeneity of linguistic units marked by a cultural component. In the modern society, in the «language-culture» relations, the the national-civil culture dominated, unambiguously affecting the language system. However, in the conditions of multiculturalism and the rupture of the national-civil system, traditions and norms of civil culture are weakened, the linguo-cultural balance is being violated, which becomes an open problem of the post-modern society.

The ordinary, cultures, and management: the organizing processes within the handicraft sector in Piúma (ES), Brazil

This article aims to understand the ordinary management of the resistances and forms of survival, organized in everyday practices that are in part product and producers of cultural plurality in the field of handicrafts in the city of Piúma, Brazil. From the perspective of practice-based studies (Feldman & Orlikowski, 2011), we articulate theoretically the approach of ordinary management (Carrieri, Perdigão & Aguiar, 2014) of craft production (Sennett, 2009) and the certeaunian contributions. These contributions are directed towards the recognition of the games of force relations within a cultural plurality. In proposing the focus on this plurality, this article fills a gap, because in previous studies on ordinary management, this cultural plurality has not been specifically addressed. The proposal was supported by a qualitative research, accomplished through document collection, participant observation, and unstructured interviews with five artisans from Piúma. In the analysis of the data, we articulate the narrative practice in De Certeau (1985) and narrative temporality in Ricoeur (1994). As results, we identify different networks of force relations in which artisans are involved in organizing practices of ordinary management. In them, cultures have shown themselves as plural productions, moving away from the view of a popular culture, external to everyday practices or submissive to other external pressures. This article contributes to an alternative view at the Ordinary Management of handicrafts and other organizational actions based on cultural plurality.

La francophonie en contexte FLE : Littérature et éducation interculturelle

Despite institutional recommendations, particularly those of the Council of Europe, advocating the development of plurilingual and pluricultural skills in language teaching, the contemporary context is characterised by the increasing development of identity-related tensions and by the enclosure in representations of languages and cultures. In this context, the learning of FFL (French as a Foreign Language) by the French-speaking world is a means of valuing cultural and linguistic variation and thus challenging a purely French vision of French, in order to overcome the stereotypes transmitted both by teaching materials and by teachers and reproduced by learners. It is therefore a question of restoring to the concepts of otherness and intercultural education their full meaning, which is today diluted, even betrayed, by a global approach that reduces the complexity of the encounter with the other. In this context, French-language literature appears to be a privileged tool for intercultural mediation because it presents an experience of linguistic and cultural plurality and allows the learner to live this experience himself, provided that the teacher implements a genuine didactic approach to involvement. Three examples are presented, from level A2 to C2, from works by contemporary French-speaking authors - including migrant literature. We attempt to show how a didactic approach to French-language literature at the service of intercultural education can mobilise the subjectivity of the learner and enable him/her to meet the subjectivity of the author on the one hand, and that of other learners on the other. The FFL class thus becomes the place where a community of readers develops, with universal and singular paths, and where intersubjectivity is experimented. The proposed examples show how the literary approach can reveal subjectivity, linguistic and cultural plurality, and also present universal and shared figures and principles. In this way, it fights against the enclosure and essentialisation of identity, and closes the gap between us and others. It enables the implementation of a dialogue between individuals and cultures, but also within each individual, who thus discovers that he or she is plural.

The chronotopical aspect of translatability in intersemiotic space

After being introduced in Mikhail Bakhtin’s works, chronotopical analysis became particularly relevant again connected with an interest in intersemiotic analysis. The universality of this kind of analysis consists in its independence from the material in the structuring of texts and in making them comparable. It is essential to distinguish between the textual and the intertextual aspects of (interdiscursive, intermedial) chronotopical analysis. The former presupposes the analysis of an individual text proceeding from its chronotopical levels, and the latter is the analysis of the imaginary text, the text’s cultural plurality. In a chronotopical analysis, it is best to distinguish between three levels. The topographical chronotope concerns the story, depicting an event or a succession of events. The psychological chronotope expresses the characters’ viewpoints, and the metaphysical chronotope determines the text’s conception through interrelating the different chronotopical levels. In (intersemiotic) translation, these chronotopical levels form an intersemiotic space where various translatability problems exist on each level. There is possible to distinguish implicit chronotopical translatability in a case of intralinguistic and interlinguistic translation and explicit translatability in a case of intersemiotic translation.