The Corporate Character of Eudaimonist Virtue Ethics Cautioning the Invisible Environment of Harmful EMFs Resulting from 5G Technology

There is a current concern in environmental ethics that stems from the development of cell phone communication technology; namely, do the electromagnetic frequencies (EMFs) linked to the development of technology of 4G and 5G cause harm to the environment (e.g., plants, bees and other insects, the animal kingdom, and human beings)? Do EMFs cause or correlate to the collapse of bee colonies and/or lower sperm counts in men and increased rates of breast cancer in women? This concern deals with EMFs that are inextricably linked to the development of telecommunication technology of current 4G and future 5G. More specifically, there are concerns that these EMFs may cause harm to various members of the environment, such as plants and trees, bees and insects, other members of the animal kingdom, and humans; and that some of these harms are expressed as sperm reduction in men, breast cancer in women, and brain cancer in men and women. The thesis of this dissertation is that a normative person-based theory of neo-Aristotelian eudaimonistic virtue ethics provides an ethical framework that gives strong support for the conclusion that it is morally impermissible for a telecommunications corporate person with good character, to allow harmful EMFs associated with the implementation of 5G technology. Particularly in light of numerous studies and anecdotal evidence that suggests that this technology might be harmful to humans and the environment. I draw an analogy between persons and "corporate persons" to argue that corporations ought to consider character when making decisions about whether to introduce new technologies--in this case, the EMFs that accompany 4G and 5G into the world. Furthermore, the primary point of this dissertation is the application of the practical ethics of character. I am specifically interested in the question of character in relation to the vetting questions, of the introduction, by telecommunications corporations, of new 5G technology into the world. The normative view developed in this dissertation has real-life practicality that if adopted by a telecommunications corporate person, of good character, would provide a model of practical moral reason sufficient to guide them to act compassionately towards the environment regarding the problem of 5G technology and the potential environmental harm EMFs can bring. Moreover, my argument based on eudaimonistic normative principles does something that utilitarian and deontological action-based normative theories do not do, namely, focus on the nature and role of character. Character is able to provide insight and explanatory power even for an ordinary person to see why their actions are guided a certain way. Finally, I will demonstrate the efficaciousness of the character-based, eudaimonistic normative framework that brings to the application of the problem 5G and potentially harmful EMFs in our environment.

Limited Poetic Liability

Of all the corporate person’s vital qualities, the most powerful and contentious was limited liability: the rule that a corporation’s shareholders cannot be held responsible for more than the value of the shares they own. This chapter examines challenges to that rule and its effects in the world by analyzing the responses of three very different writers: law professor Maurice Wormser, novelist Theodore Dreiser, and poet and lawyer Charles Reznikoff. Should corporations be understood as veils for individuals or as fully formed entities inextricably meshed with their managers, owners, and environment? Each writer struggled to know a corporate person behind its “entity veil” (as Wormser terms it), coming to see that limited liability functioned to minimize the essential duties of managers, employees, and owners. While Wormser recommends “veil piercing” when corporations are taken over by nefarious individuals, Dreiser’s The Financier (1912) uncovers problems with this strategy, and Reznikoff’s epic poem Testimony (1965–78), maps out systemic injuries that limited liability generated. Dreiser and Reznikoff deploy literary form to think about this corporate person precisely when it did not acknowledge all of its attributes as a legal person. When the corporate person devolved and acted more like a tool or machine, how was society supposed to treat it? This chapter’s three conceptual explorations of corporate limited liability shine light on the legal system’s deficiencies when contending with the corporation’s social role. Each writer begins, in his own way, to envision solutions other than strictly legal remedies.

Contracting without Meaning

How do you know what a corporate person is really intending, whoever exactly that person is? This chapter explores a set of initial answers to this question in philosophies of intention like Elizabeth Anscombe’s, in historical political cartoons of the corporation, in legal theories of contracts, and in Frank Norris’s The Octopus, the influential novel about the railroad colossus known as the Southern Pacific. Together, they fill out the problem of collective social intention both as it was understood around the turn of the twentieth century and how it developed subsequently. Although older accounts of contract appeal to intention (“a meeting of minds”), the corporate form’s lack of inner life and composite quality made such a mind-meeting odd to envision. The difficulty of knowing a corporate person’s meaning raised knotty issues of interpretation, and political cartoons provided a popular attempt to work through these issues. Other thinkers, including law professor Ernst Freund and Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., resolved these problems in their theories of corporate contracts, which introduced a larger concern of how to interpret any of a corporation’s signs. This issue occupied philosophers like Charles Sanders Peirce, and later scholars of contracts such as Arthur Corbin. Ultimately, an attempt to resolve a particular problem of corporate contracts led to a semiological theory committed to the simple literality of signs, in order to negotiate how to live with collective beings without obvious or singular minds.

Who Are You, YouTube?

This paper seeks to understand the invisibility of the corporate individuals working for YouTube and how the extremely visible creator community responds to them as a singular corporate person. The paper proposes that to achieve greater visibility and thereby accountability, YouTube should create an organizational chart for its stakeholders, rely less on algorithms, and establish stable individual identities and a consistent professed corporate persona.

Service Direct : Platform that Incorporates Service Providers and Consumers Directly

The main purpose of this platform is that the service providers get the whole credits without any involvement of the commission agents. Various services like plumbing, carpentry, pest control, electrical, tuition, are listed as professional services in this platform. Unlike the other available applications, it also lists the available people who are ready to serve some basic non-professional services like acting driver, temporary child caretaker, pickup and delivery of emergency items. Also a corporate person during his/her duty can make use of this application to earn additional income by serving some non-professional services. The customer can make an account and search for the necessary service nearby. This platform helps the customers to fetch the contact details of the service providers nearby. From enumerated list the patrons can choose any provider based on either the reviews or the shortest distance. The patrons and providers can make flexible appointments. Every successful appointment is noted and a log is maintained for security reasons, so that the providers can be tracked when any criminal activity is detected during the appointment.