The Aspects of Sustainable Development in Mineral Resources Management

Mineral resources provide a high standard of living for modern societies: satisfying electricity demand as well as demand for construction materials and they sustain the basis for industry and technological development. Now, modern societies are facing the challenge ofreversing the trend of the depletion of non-renewable mineral resources and sustainable development is intended to ensure the survivalof human civilization in the face of dwindling non-renewable raw materials (especially energy resources) and also increasing anthropopression and related environmental pollution. The amount of non-renewable mineral resources of the Earth's crust is limited. Underspecific conditions there is a possibility of their regeneration however over a period of several if not more than a dozen generations. Thearticle raises questions how societies can prevent mineral resources crises in future and whether this task is feasible.The article identifies the main aspects of the sustainable development in mining sector in Poland as well as environmental challengesrelated to the new CSR mechanism which are: the creation and implementation of sustainable and responsible business model whichthanks to reformed financial and economic system, will make creating a better future easier, more natural and more cost-effective.The crucial aspects of sustainable development as economic and social conditions, environmental challenges, safety of agglomerationlocated in the area of exploitation of resources or in its neighborhood were also presented in the article. The author highlighted thelegal conditions for the management of deposits and extracted mineral resources as well as work safety and research and developmentactivities in the sector.

N2O–Assisted Siphon Foaming of Modified Galactoglucomannans With Cellulose Nanofibers

Foaming of most bio-based polymers is challenged by low pore formation and foam stability. At the same time, the developing utilization of bio-based materials for the circular economy is placing new demands for easily processable, low-density materials from renewable raw materials. In this work, we investigate cellulose nanofiber (CNF) foams in which foaming is facilitated with wood-based hemicelluloses, galactoglucomannans (GGMs). Interfacial activity of the GGM is modulated via modification of the molecule’s amphiphilicity, where the surface tension is decreased from approximately 70 to 30 mN m−1 for unmodified and modified GGM, respectively. The chemical modification of GGMs by substitution with butyl glycidyl ether increased the molecule’s hydrophobicity and interaction with the nanocellulose component. The highest specific foam volume using 1 wt% CNF was achieved when modified GGM was added (3.1 ml g−1), compared to unmodified GGM with CNF (2.1 ml g−1). An amount of 96 and 98% of the GGM and GGM-BGE foams were lost after 15 min of foaming while the GGM and GGM-BGE with cellulose nanofibers lost only 33 and 28% of the foam respectively. In the case of GGM-BGE, the foam stability increased with increasing nanofiber concentration. This suggests that the altered hydrophobicity facilitated increased foam formation when the additive was incorporated in the CNF suspension and foamed with nitrous oxide (N2O). Thus, the hydrophobic character of the modified GGM was a necessity for foam formation and stability while the CNFs were needed for generating a self-standing foam structure.

Strategies for assessment and implementation of sustainable manufacturing

Manufacturing has been acknowledged for the intensive use of renewable raw materials, energy sources, and a significant contributor to pollutants causing multiple environmental issues and health hazards to the community. Sustainable manufacturing is a necessary prerequisite to conserve natural resources, mitigate the adverse impacts on environment, global economy, and society. It is important to identify and understand the implementation steps and the evaluation process for developing a sustainable manufacturing system. In this review, sustainable manufacturing has been described for better understanding of the concept. The insights about existing sustainability metrics with the inclusion of environmental, economic and social aspects of sustainability has been explored. The various sustainability indicators have been documented to provide an overview for sustainability assessment framework. In addition, the gaps in the existing sustainability metrics have been identified and the future goals for tailoring the current indicators has been explored. Thus, the study provides strategies for suitable sustainability assessment and action-plan for implementation of sustainable manufacturing.

мodern trends the use of hemp products

Конопля содержит огромный потенциал в виде экологичного природного ресурса и активно становится частью нашей повседневной жизни. Законодательно разрешенные к культивированию в России сорта посевной конопли отличаются отсутствием наркотически значимых концентраций активных соединений и улучшенными биологическими характеристиками, позволяющими использовать семена, стебли и зеленую часть растения в различных сферах народного хозяйства. Конопля посевная востребована в пищевой и легкой промышленности, строительной индустрии, агропромышленном комплексе и многих других отраслях производства. Произведенные из конопли продукты экологически безопасны, легко разлагаются микроорганизмами. Благодаря огромному народно-хозяйственному значению, распространению экологических трендов, а также повышению ценности легковозобновляемых сырьевых ресурсов конопля посевная является перспективной сельскохозяйственной культурой. Cannabis contains a huge potential in the form of an eco-friendly natural resource and is actively becoming a part of our daily life. Legally permitted for cultivation in Russia, varieties of seeded cannabis are distinguished by the absence of narcotic concentrations of active compounds and improved biological characteristics that allow the use of seeds, stems and the green part of the plant in various spheres of the national economy. Seed hemp is in demand in the food and light industry, the construction industry, the agro-industrial complex and many other industries. Products made from hemp are environmentally safe, easily decomposed by microorganisms. Due to the huge national economic significance, the spread of environmental trends, as well as the increase in the value of easily renewable raw materials, seed hemp is a promising agricultural crop.

Development of a Digital Twin for Enzymatic Hydrolysis Processes

Enzymatic hydrolysis processes can be used to produce organic nutrient media from renewable raw materials. However, many of these processes are not optimally designed, so expensive enzymes and substrates are wasted. Mathematical models and Digital Twins (DTs) are powerful tools, which can be used to optimize bioprocesses and, thus, increase the yield of the desired products. Individual enzymatic hydrolysis processes have already been modeled, but models for the combined starch hydrolysis and proteolysis, or DTs, are not available yet. Therefore, an easily adaptable, dynamic, and mechanistic mathematical model representing the kinetics of the enzymatic hydrolysis process of the combined starch hydrolysis and proteolysis was developed and parameterized using experimental data. The model can simulate the starch hydrolysis process with an agreement of over 90% and the proteolysis process with an agreement of over 85%. Subsequently, this model was implemented into an existing DT of a 20 L stirred tank reactor (STR). Since the DT cannot only map the kinetics of the enzymatic process, but also the STR with the associated periphery (pumps, heating jacket, etc.), it is ideally suited for future process control strategy development and thus for the optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis processes.

мodern trends the use of hemp products

Конопля содержит огромный потенциал в виде экологичного природного ресурса и активно становится частью нашей повседневной жизни. Законодательно разрешенные к культивированию в России сорта посевной конопли отличаются отсутствием наркотически значимых концентраций активных соединений и улучшенными биологическими характеристиками, позволяющими использовать семена, стебли и зеленую часть растения в различных сферах народного хозяйства. Конопля посевная востребована в пищевой и легкой промышленности, строительной индустрии, агропромышленном комплексе и многих других отраслях производства. Произведенные из конопли продукты экологически безопасны, легко разлагаются микроорганизмами. Благодаря огромному народно-хозяйственному значению, распространению экологических трендов, а также повышению ценности легковозобновляемых сырьевых ресурсов конопля посевная является перспективной сельскохозяйственной культурой. Cannabis contains a huge potential in the form of an eco-friendly natural resource and is actively becoming a part of our daily life. Legally permitted for cultivation in Russia, varieties of seeded cannabis are distinguished by the absence of narcotic concentrations of active compounds and improved biological characteristics that allow the use of seeds, stems and the green part of the plant in various spheres of the national economy. Seed hemp is in demand in the food and light industry, the construction industry, the agro-industrial complex and many other industries. Products made from hemp are environmentally safe, easily decomposed by microorganisms. Due to the huge national economic significance, the spread of environmental trends, as well as the increase in the value of easily renewable raw materials, seed hemp is a promising agricultural crop.