A working-class artist is something to be

The creative and cultural sectors in the United Kingdom largely exclude the working classes. Even the small number of working-class people who do ‘make it’ into these sectors often find themselves and their work badly treated by those who hold the real power. This article explores some of the experiences of working-class artists navigating the cultural sector and how exclusion, prejudice and precarity impacted and continue to impact them. It takes as its focus the filmmaker Alan Clarke and the playwright Andrea Dunbar, who were at the height of their success in the 1980s. It also considers the writers Darren McGarvey and Nathalie Olah, whose work has achieved prominence in recent years. It is through this focus I hope to demonstrate the long continuum of challenges for working-class creatives. This article also considers how, on the occasions when they are allowed the space they deserve, working-class artists have created powerful shifts in cultural production. Finally, it details some of the changes needed for working-class people to be able to take their rightful place in contributing to cultural life and the societal risks involved if they are denied that place.

Impact of Time-of-Use Demand Response Program on Optimal Operation of Afghanistan Real Power System

Like most developing countries, Afghanistan still employs the traditional philosophy of supplying all its load demands whenever they happen. However, to have a reliable and cost-effective system, the new approach proposes to keep the variations of demand at the lowest possible level. The power system infrastructure requires massive capital investment; demand response (DR) is one of the economic options for running the system according to the new scheme. DR has become the intention of many researchers in developed countries. However, very limited works have investigated the employment of appropriate DR programs for developing nations, particularly considering renewable energy sources (RESs). In this paper, as two-stage programming, the effect of the time-of-use demand response (TOU-DR) program on optimal operation of Afghanistan real power system in the presence of RESs and pumped hydropower storage (PHS) system in the day-ahead power market is analyzed. Using the concept of price elasticity, first, an economic model indicating the behaviour of customers involved in TOU-DR program is developed. A genetic algorithm (GA) coded in MATLAB software is used accordingly to schedule energy and reserve so that the total operation cost of the system is minimized. Two simulation cases are considered to verify the effectiveness of the suggested scheme. The first stage programming approach leads case 2 with TOU-DR program to 35 MW (811 MW − 776 MW), $16,235 ($528,825 − $512,590), and 64 MW reductions in the peak load, customer bill and peak to valley distance, respectively compared to case 1 without TOU-DR program. Also, the simulation results for stage 2 show that by employing the TOU-DR program, the system’s total cost can be reduced from $317,880 to $302,750, which indicates a significant reduction in thermal units’ operation cost, import power tariffs and reserve cost.

Virtual Synchronous Generator Using an Intelligent Controller for Virtual Inertia Estimation

Virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) with inertia characteristics are generally adopted for the control of distributed generators (DGs) in order to mimic a synchronous generator. However, since the amount of virtual inertia in VSG control is usually constant and given by trial and error, the real power and frequency oscillations of a battery energy storage system (BESS) occurring under load variation result in the degradation of the control performance of the DG. Thus, in this study, a novel virtual inertia estimation methodology is proposed to estimate suitable values of virtual inertia for VSGs and to suppress the real power output and frequency oscillations of the DG under load variation. In addition, to improve the function of the proposed virtual inertia estimator and the transient responses of the real power output and frequency of the DG, an online-trained Petri probabilistic wavelet fuzzy neural network (PPWFNN) controller is proposed to replace the proportional integral (PI) controller. The network structure and the online learning algorithm using backpropagation (BP) of the proposed PPWFNN are represented in detail. Finally, on the basis of the experimental results, it can be concluded that superior performance in terms of real power output and frequency response under load variation can be achieved by using the proposed virtual inertia estimator and the intelligent PPWFNN controller.

The Evolution of Tyrant Tropes in Greek Tragedy

<p>Tyranny (tyrannis) is a name given to a type of Greek monarchy that came into being in the seventh century B.C.E. The democratisation of Greece and the transference of aristocratic ideas of equality and liberty to the whole citizen population led the vilification of tyranny as the opposite of democracy and its extensive use as a foil for democracy in Athenian politics. This political idea made its way into literature, including tragedy where it was one of several important anachronistic political ideas. The demonization of the tyrant also led to the development of tropes to create the stereotype of the tyrant. These tropes are catalogued in Plato and Aristotle and widely recognised in Herodotus, but as Lanza (1977) and Seaford (2003) have pointed out, they also occur in tragedy, to the same extent as they do in prose. The tropes can roughly be split into two groups – those that are based on real power-conserving strategies and those that were created to characterise the tyrant as a moral monster.</p>

The Evolution of Tyrant Tropes in Greek Tragedy

<p>Tyranny (tyrannis) is a name given to a type of Greek monarchy that came into being in the seventh century B.C.E. The democratisation of Greece and the transference of aristocratic ideas of equality and liberty to the whole citizen population led the vilification of tyranny as the opposite of democracy and its extensive use as a foil for democracy in Athenian politics. This political idea made its way into literature, including tragedy where it was one of several important anachronistic political ideas. The demonization of the tyrant also led to the development of tropes to create the stereotype of the tyrant. These tropes are catalogued in Plato and Aristotle and widely recognised in Herodotus, but as Lanza (1977) and Seaford (2003) have pointed out, they also occur in tragedy, to the same extent as they do in prose. The tropes can roughly be split into two groups – those that are based on real power-conserving strategies and those that were created to characterise the tyrant as a moral monster.</p>

Optimal sizing and sitting of electric vehicle charging station by using archimedes optimization algorithm technique

<p><span lang="EN-US">Increasing penetration of EV load into the electricity sector will result in generation imbalance, an increase in real power loss, a low voltage profile and consequently a decrease in the margin of stability of voltage. It is necessary for the coordination of charging stations (CSs) for EV at the relevant locations to minimize the effect of increased EV load penetration in radial systems. In this paper, a new optimization method named Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA) is proposed; it determined the optimal location and size for EV-CS for reducing power losses and improved voltage profile. In this work we used the photo voltaic (PV) renewable source as a main feeder for the CSs. Many of Artificial Intelligence technique are applied to determine the optimal sizing and sitting of EV-CSs considering the objective of minimization of real power loss. IEEE 33-bus testing network conducts simulation tests. The results highlighted the need to refine the EV-CS allocation to improve the performance. The ability to solve complex, non-linear objective optimization issues using AOA and to compare the results with other algorithms, namely particle swarm optimization (PSO), Cuckoo search algorithm (CSA), shows its effectiveness in minimizing the power loss as required.</span></p>