Research into the Safe Distance for Opening a Car Door in Order to Avoid Approaching Motorcycles from the Rear

Car drivers may misjudge the speed and distance of oncoming vehicles when getting out of their vehicles, leading to door crash accidents. The author invented a patented side-view mirror with distance markers to prevent such door crash accidents. Through the means of behavioural observation experiments, the main objective of this research was to observe the minimum safe distance from the rear of an approaching vehicle when opening the door of the car. The experimental results determined that the use of the Dutch Reach method yielded the shortest safe distance. Compared to the other three judgment solutions, the use of the patented side-view mirror with a distance marker to judge the minimum average safety distance had the longest distance and was the safest, meaning that it is able to help female drivers to judge the distance of approaching motorcycles from the rear and to maintain a sufficient safe distance when opening the door.

Analysing Drawing in Non-Directive Play: A Case of 6-Year-Old Girl with Emotional Problems

Behavioural and emotional problem is commonly reported in childhood, some cases require psychological management. Non-directive therapeutic play or child-led play that always involve spontaneous drawing, is one of the most natural and potential means to work with children, yet it is not being fully utilised and explored. This is a single case study, of a 6-year-old girl, referred for therapeutic child-led play skill session for being easily irritable and aggressive at home. Following 20 sessions with a trained therapeutic play practitioner, mother reported marked improvement in her child’s emotional regulation. We explored the child’s emotional standing when she was drawing, as well as the changes that evolved as we analysed series of drawings she produced throughout the therapy. We conclude that careful analyses of spontaneous drawing, coupled with in-session behavioural observation, and reflection, emotional state of the child can be tacit. This information is consistent with parent-reported scoring.

Implementation of the Behavioural Observation Programme as Part of the Work Safety Strategy

Aim: The purpose of this article is to present the implementation of the behavioural observation programme in a large manufacturing company belonging to a global concern in the household appliances industry. The purpose of the programme was to increase the awareness of the employees regarding the risks and health and safety rules. This awareness helps to minimize the number of accidents and potential accidents. Introduction: Occupational safety includes technical, organisational and economic measures to protect employees against threats that may occur in the work environment. Popularisation of the subject of occupational health and safety and action in the field of accident prevention is one of the obligations of the employer and employees of the occupational health and safety service (OHS). Project and methods: The research used the method of covert observation of employees’ behaviour while performing work at particular positions and moving around the plant. The research tool was a free interview. Results: The results of the conducted research made it possible to answer the question how behavioural observation programmes improve work safety. As a result of the analysis of the collected data, it can be concluded that the implementation of the behavioural observation programme increased the level of operational safety, increased safety culture in the organisation and raised the number of safe behaviours among employees. The results of behavioural observations constitute the source of data and the basis for taking further corrective actions in the area of occupational health and safety. Conclusions: In case of the workplace described in the article, it would be advisable to extend the programme to other locations of the factory, including laboratories, maintenance area and offices. Behaviour-based safety (BBS) could also be used in other areas of the organisation’s activities, e.g., during exercises of the factory rescue staff (fire protection and evacuation) or audits in the field of quality and environmental protection.

Swallowing

Dysphagia is the over-arching term referring to disorders of swallowing. Dysphagia is a common complication of many acute and chronic neurological conditions. Dysphagia is important in the rehabilitation setting as it can produce common and potentially avoidable complications, morbidity, and death. This chapter defines the normal physiology of swallowing, the assessment of dysphagia (a multidisciplinary process), and management strategies. These include examples for dysphagia originating from anatomical, physiological, and behavioural causes. Clinical indicators for assessment are listed, and various methods such as taking a detailed history, cognitive communication screening, behavioural observation, oromotor assessment, bedside swallowing assessment, instrumental assessment of swallowing (where indicated), and nutritional assessment are described.

Everyday Use of the City Cemetery: A Study of Environmental Qualities and Perceived Restorativeness in a Scottish Context

As the number of historical urban cemeteries where interment is no longer available continues to grow, the everyday use and restorative benefit of these spaces (beyond commemoration and remembrance) is worthy of further exploration. This study primarily investigates the everyday use of two historical urban cemeteries in Edinburgh through behavioural observation (N = 185). We also explore further the relationships between cemetery qualities and perceived restorativeness through an interviewer-administered survey (N = 134) and face-to-face interviews (N = 24) at the sites. The survey findings showed that usage and aesthetics in the cemeteries were both significantly and positively associated with various restorative qualities including ‘being away’, ‘fascination’ and ‘compatibility’. The data provided from the interviews and behavioural observations complement the survey findings that the everyday use of urban cemeteries (i.e., using them as an alternative route for pedestrian journeys or simply walking the dog) could facilitate users’ mental restorative process. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, provision of facilities (e.g., benches and toilets) was found to have no significant association with any restorative qualities. Using a mixed method approach, this study provides a novel understanding of how the urban population uses, and perceives, old urban cemeteries in contemporary Scotland.