Interventions That Successfully Reduced Adults Salt Intake—A Systematic Review

Background: Adequate sodium intake is important for lowering blood pressure and thus reducing cardiovascular disease risk and other complications. The aim of this review is to identify recent interventions around the world that have been successful in reducing salt intake. Methods: A search in the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases was performed. We include studies published in the last 10 years; randomized trials, pilot intervention without a control arm or experimental study; adult participants; and interventions that successfully reduced salt intake. Study quality was assessed. Results: We included 21 studies, 16 randomized intervention trials and five nonrandomized intervention studies. Eleven interventions described health and nutritional education, seven interventions described nutritional education plus other interventions, and three studies used salt meters to reduce sodium intake. Conclusion: Health and nutritional education, nutritional education plus other interventions and estimates of salt intake showed success in the reduction of salt consumption. There is no evidence that one type of intervention analyzed is more effective than other in reducing salt consumption, so we must analyze each in which individuals or subpopulations will have the intervention performed and use the most suitable approaches to lead to better results.

New Insights in Oral Health and Diets

The aim of this Special Issue is to bring the most updated information on the innovative field of oral and general health coaching and nutritional education strategies for better oral and general health [...]

NUTRITION EDUCATION IN ALPHA GENERATION TO ACHIEVE OPTIMAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Alpha generation requires nutritional education to achieve optimal growth and development. This research aims to provide nutritional education to the alpha generation to achieve optimal growth and development. Method used by researchers is descriptive qualitative literature studies. The authors see a significant correlation between nutrition education and changes in children's behavior in responding to their food dishes. The more nutritional education obtained, the more children will realize the importance of food so that it is more devoured in eating food. References taken by authors are sourced from the author's personal experience as a Nutritionist supported by scientific publications such as reputable national journals, books, websites, and various relevant research sources. The subjects in this study were children aged 0 to 8 years. The results showed that generation alpha is the first generation to hold individuals born in the 21st century who have the characteristics of more believe in social media, prefer to shop online, Rarely make physical contact in communicating, do not like excessive consumption, and repeat the same for pleasure. Wrong nutritional behaviors in elementary school-aged children include not eating a balanced dietary menu, not breakfast, unhealthy snacks, consuming Junk Food and Fast Food, and consuming sugar in excess. Some methods of nutrition education that can be practised in the alpha generation are education in the form of interventions, education using cards, and android-based education.

The Influence of Nutritional Education through Puppet Play to Increasing Vegetable and Fruit Consumption in Mekar Wangi and Putra Harapan Kindergarten Children Glenmore District

The consumption of vegetables and fruit is one indicator of nutritional balance. The statistical data show there are 60.44% of Indonesia that are less consuming vegetables and fruit. Fiber on vegetable and fruit are very useful for the body. Efforts to improve nutritional knowledge can preserve out through media which are suitable for children, that are attractive and easy to understand such as puppet and ladders game. This research aims to analyze the influence of the nutritional education through the game puppet to increase vegetable and fruit consumption for kindergarten children (TK). This is a pre-research experiment. One group pre-post test. Data analysis in this study uses the sample of this research is the Mekar Wangi and Putra Harapan kindergarten children that accounted 64 people in accordance. The technique of data collection from the questionnaire is based on the direct interviews, it aims to investigate the difference in vegetable consumption on kindergarten children before nutrition education is 5,58 while after nutrition is increase to 7,75. Whereas for fruit consumption for kindergarten children before education is 13,72 whereas after education is significantly increase to 16,47. The result revealed that there is an increment of education nitrition vegetable and fruit consumption after nutrition education through puppet game (Asymp.Sig =0,000) it concludes that nutritional education through puppet gameplay on an important role to increase the consumption of fruit and vegetables for kindergarten children.

The Effect of Nutritional Education Using Cognitive Approaches and Psychomotor Approaches on Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Behavior in Children

BACKGROUND: One of the problems related to eating behavior in children less than 5 years is the lack of consumption of fruits and vegetables. With this problem, an approach is needed to better consume it. AIM: This study aims to determine the effect of nutritional education using cognitive approaches (using illustrated storybooks and puppet shows) and psychomotor approaches (using puzzle and fruit and vegetable cards) on fruit and vegetable consumption behavior in children in the An-Nur Surabaya Kindergarten. METHODS: This study used a quasi-experimental study with a pre- and post-test group. The population is 48 respondents. Sampling uses the Probability sampling method with simple random sampling. The independent variable was nutrition education using media illustrated storybooks media, puppet shows, puzzles, and fruit and vegetable cards, meanwhile the dependent variable is consumption behavior of fruits and vegetables. The intervention was carried out 4 times. FFQ form was used to assess fruit and vegetables consumption behavior. RESULTS: The results showed that the average consumption of fruits and vegetables before the intervention was 168 g or equivalent to 1 portion, and the average after intervention was 304 g or equivalent to 3 servings. There is a significant influence (p = 0.000) on fruit and vegetable consumption through nutritional education. CONCLUSION: Nutritional education using media should be accompanied by a commitment to increase children’s motivation in eating fruits and vegetables.

A nationwide survey on participation in cardiac rehabilitation among patients with coronary heart disease using health claims data in Japan

Poor implementation and variable quality of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for coronary heart disease (CHD) have been a global concern. This nationwide study aimed to clarify the implementation of and participation in CR among CHD patients and associated factors in Japan. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data extracted from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan. Patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in 2017–2018 were included. Aspects of CR were assessed in terms of (1) participation in exercise-based CR, (2) pharmacological education, and (3) nutritional education. Of 87,829 eligible patients, 32% had participated in exercise-based CR, with a mean program length of 40 ± 71 days. CABG was associated with higher CR participation compared to PCI (OR 10.2, 95% CI 9.6–10.8). Patients living in the Kyushu region were more likely to participate in CR (OR 2.59, 95% CI 2.39–2.81). Among patients who participated in CR, 92% received pharmacological education, whereas only 67% received nutritional education. In Japan, the implementation of CR for CHD is insufficient and involved varying personal, therapeutic, and geographical factors. CR implementation needs to be promoted in the future.