Social Representations in the Classroom

In this chapter, the authors briefly summarize relevant research in two distinct fields of research before suggesting their merging to show how teachers’ help might promote their pupils’ future growth, eventually challenging the current unequal social status quo between advantaged and disadvantaged groups. Two studies, conducted with original research methodology, illustrate the point and conclude with practical suggestions for effective helping relationships in the classroom, underlying the pivotal role of social interactions in fostering the child’s active involvement in relevant social groups. Relaunching and employing the concepts of contingent scaffolding, as a provisional structure of knowledge offered by the adult, the teacher’s capacity of fading, in accordance with the growing capacity of students, and the transfer of responsibilities from teachers to students, the “thirdness” in the knowing process and its potential role in changing existing unequal status quo stands out.

Visualisation of Perception of Experiential Activities in Business and Administration and Economy

This paper explores how to incorporate information visualization tools into qualitative studies to represent the underlying structure of knowledge. Information visualization plays a key role in many areas such as decision-making, data mining, market studies, or knowledge management. A case of experiential learning was developed for Quantitative Techniques in Business and Administration and Economy Degrees at the University of Granada, Spain. The goal is to analyze the opinion of students (n = 227) on the development of the activity through information visualization techniques. The gathered information was subjected to a categorization process to unify and homogenize the responses. After a term-clumping process, a co-word analysis using the VosViewer software is used to analyze the relationships among terms and provide the network maps. Results display the main associations and clusters of terms used when assessing the experiential activity, using qualitative techniques. In conclusion, the strengths of data visualization enabling a better understanding of data for qualitative studies are established. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Intellectual Structure of Knowledge Management: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Journal of Information and Knowledge Management

The Journal of Information and Knowledge Management (JIKM) published its first issue in 2002 and celebrated its 19th birthday in 2020. This study aims to assess JIKM performance over its lifetime between 2002 and 2020 by extracting data from the Scopus database and using a combined approach of bibliometric and content analysis. More specifically, we evaluate JIKM’s productivity and stature, discuss its performance compared to other journals, and identify key contributing (authors, institutions, and countries), citation pattern, and conceptual structure. The results highlight JIKM’s growing presence, which is reflected in the dual rise of publication activity and accumulated citation. JIKM becomes one of the preeminent journals in the area of knowledge management, with a broad range of scientific actors’ contributions (authors, institutions and countries) from all over the world. Furthermore, using a bibliographic coupling, keywords’ analysis, and co-authorship analysis, we analyse JIKM’s content and identify the most frequent themes discussed. The analysis reveals that JIKM has expanded its scope from knowledge management to a new array of emerging technologies’ topics such as artificial intelligence and data mining. Graphical visualization of similarities (VOSviewer and Rstudio) shows that the major themes published are clustered into four groups, mainly (i) sustainable knowledge, (ii) emerging technologies, (iii) information management, and (iv) organization culture and knowledge sharing.

The structure of knowledge

Medieval architectures of knowledge designed in the Islamic world constitute a special case: They neatly reflect the competition between different intellectual traditions and approaches. On the one hand, there are those classifications that are centered on what was perceived as the indigenous sciences during the formative period, i.e. those sciences that arose in connection with the new religion, Islam, and the language of its revelation, Arabic. On the other hand, scholars eagerly took over and adapted disciplines deriving from non-Arab and non-Muslim cultures, primarily Greek science and philosophy. These traditions, however, transmitted their own conceptions of knowledge that partly stood in conflict with Arabic-Islamic ideas. In this article, I first give an overview of the various approaches and then concentrate on Fārābī and Avicenna, in order to trace a remarkable development: the gradual dissolution of boundaries both within and between the different scientific spheres and paradigms on epistemological grounds.

The concept of non-contractual obligations in inheritance law: international legal experience

The article is devoted to the study and analysis of such areas of civil law as non-contractual structures, within the inheritance law of individual European Union countries, the emergence, development and implementation of such structures in regulations governing the inheritance procedures of countries such as Poland, Czech Republic, Republic of Lithuania and the Republic of Latvia. The purpose of the study in the monograph is a comprehensive analysis of the nature and specifics of legal and doctrinal bases of regulation and practice of non-contractual constructions in the inheritance law of individual EU countries (Poland, Czech Republic, Lithuania, and Latvia). As a result of the study the concept of non-contractual constructions of inheritance law is formed in the work. The types of non-contractual constructions, first of all their dialectical classification, architecture and place in the system of inheritance law are singled out and analyzed. An analysis of their identification and separation in different states, depending on the legal family, traces the integrity of the fundamental structure of knowledge about the obligatory rights of the testator within the will, heirs and beneficiaries in their biocentric expression and in the context of social ties. Emphasis is placed on rethinking and solving some problems in inheritance law, from the point of view of new world realities.

Programming design, education, innovation, exploration and practice based on students’ cognitive laws

This paper analyses the cognitive characteristics and cognitive laws of freshmen students in learning the C programming language. We have built a spirally ascending complete curriculum theory knowledge system and a practical teaching model of experience–verification–exploration. The knowledge system is established through programming thinking from the perspective of computer systems, designed according to the teaching structure of knowledge construction and trained based on the engineering literacy with a new engineering background. The implementation of the teaching reform has achieved the expected results. The curriculum theory knowledge system is complete, and the practical teaching content is novel and rich. It has stimulated students’ learning enthusiasm and innovative consciousness, cultivated students’ professional qualities and helped to cultivate talents that meet the needs of the industry. Keywords: Programming language, perspective, computer systems, knowledge construction.

How do Players and Developers of Citizen Science Games Conceptualize Skill Chains?

For citizen science games (CSGs) to be successful in advancing scientific research, they must effectively train players. Designing tutorials for training can be aided through developing a skill chain of required skills and their dependencies, but skill chain development is an intensive process. In this work, we hypothesized that free recall may be a simpler yet effective method of directly eliciting skill chains. We elicited 23 skill chains from players and developers and augmented our reflexive thematic analysis with 11 semi-structured interviews in order to determine how players and developers conceptualize skill trees and whether free recall can be used as an alternative to more resource-intensive cognitive task analyses. We provide three main contributions: (1) a comparison of skill chain conceptualizations between players and developers and across prior literature; (2) insights to the process of free recall in eliciting CSG skill chains; and (3) a preliminary toolkit of CSG skill-based design recommendations based on our findings. We conclude CSG developers should: give the big picture up front; embrace social learning and paratext use; reinforce the intended structure of knowledge; situate learning within applicable, meaningful contexts; design for discovery and self-reflection; and encourage practice and learning beyond the tutorial. Free recall was ineffective for determining a traditional skill chain but was able to elicit the core gameplay loops, tutorial overviews, and some expert insights.

DETERMINATION OF DIRECTIONS FOR THE MODERN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES ACTIVITY IMPROVEMENT

The article identifies areas for improving the activities of modern enterprises in Ukraine. It was found that any industrial enterprise operates in conditions of limited resources, so in market conditions it always faces the acute problem of selecting the most effective combination of different resources, as well as the ability to replace a specific amount of any resource with the required number of any other resources in certain conditions. Changing the efficiency of different resources can be contradictory: so increasing the efficiency of living labor is provided by structural changes, which are accompanied by an increase in the share of fixed capital and in some cases sustainability, or even a decrease in its return, especially in the short term. From this point of view, general changes in efficiency, operating in different directions, can be part of the strategic policy of the enterprise, which takes into account the rotation of resources. It should also be borne in mind that changes in efficiency can be aimed at optimizing the structure of the resources sets. It is determined that the effectiveness of management is based on such internal characteristics of the enterprise as coordination of activities, systems of development, implementation and control of management decisions and, of course, their relationship with the market and institutional costs. Criteria of management efficiency cannot be studied without taking into account the technology by which the company is formed and developed within the external environment. There is a need to find a way to change this environment. Factors of change can be formed not only in the enterprise, but also outside it. This affects not only the relationship between different enterprises, but also between the enterprise and the state. It is concluded that the improvement of management is the most important factor in the modern development of economy, which allows to develop the activities of the enterprise, to increase its competitiveness. In improving the management of the enterprise, understanding its necessity, reflects the nature and features of the professional consciousness of the manager specifically the structure of knowledge, value system, research potential, practical experience, forward thinking. All these signs are in connection, combination and interaction. This characterizes the art of management, its scientific quality and efficiency.

Knowledge diffusion trajectories in the Pythagorean fuzzy field based on main path analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to conduct a main path analysis of 627 articles on the theme of Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs) in the Web of Science (WoS) from 2013 to 2020, to provide a conclusive and comprehensive analysis for researchers in this field, and to provide a study on preliminary understanding of PFSs.Design/methodology/approachThe research topic of Pythagorean fuzzy fields, through keyword extraction and describing the changes in characteristic themes over the past eight years, are firstly examined. Main path analysis, including local and global main paths and key route paths, is then used to reveal the most influential relationships between papers and to explore the trajectory and structure of knowledge transmission.FindingsThe application of Pythagorean fuzzy theory to the field of decision-making has been popular, and combinations of the traditional Pythagorean fuzzy decision-making method with other fuzzy sets have attracted widespread attention in recent years. In addition, over the past eight years, research interest has shifted to different types of PFSs, such as interval-valued PFSs.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper implicates to investigate the growth in certain trends in the literature and to explore the main paths of knowledge dissemination in the domain of PFSs in recent years.Originality/valueThis paper aims to identify the topics in which researchers are currently interested, to help scholars to keep abreast of the latest research on PFSs.