Mathematical Models of Effective Topology of Computer Networks for Electric Power Supply Control on Railway Transport

The paper is devoted to analysis of modern directions of innovation-investment formation of intelligent computer networks that control the fast-moving technological processes of electricity supply. It is based on the conclusion that the problem of increasing the productivity of information exchange between information resources and consumers is dominant. A method for increasing the efficiency of information exchange is proposed as a search for the rational location of a new node and the organization of such a set of its connections among the whole set of nodes of the computer network, which provides a minimum average topological distance. Mathematical models of effective topological organization of connections in computer network of power consumption control at the level of traction substations, electric power distances and the railway in general are proposed.

Performance Evaluation of a Full-Scale Fused Magnesia Furnace for MgO Production Based on Energy and Exergy Analysis

A three-electrode alternating current fused magnesia furnace (AFMF) with advanced control technology was evaluated by combined energy and exergy analysis. To gain insight into the mass flow, energy flow and exergy efficiency of the present fused magnesia furnace, the exergy destruction was analysed to study the energy irreversibility of the furnace. Two different production processes, the magnesite ore smelting process (MOP) and light-calcined magnesia process (LMP), are discussed separately. Two methods were carried out to improve LMP and MOP; one of which has been applied in factories. The equipment consists of an electric power supply system, a light-calcined system and a three-electrode fused magnesia furnace. All parameters were tested or calculated based on the data investigated in industrial factories. The calculation results showed that for LMP and MOP, the mass transport efficiencies were 16.6% and 38.3%, the energy efficiencies were 62.2% and 65.5%, and the exergy destructions were 70.5% and 48.4%, respectively. Additionally, the energy efficiency and exergy efficiency of the preparation process of LMP were 39.4% and 35.6%, respectively. After the production system was improved, the mass transport efficiency, energy efficiency and exergy destruction were determined.

Implications of the Resource Nexus on International Relations: The Case of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam

The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam is causing tensions and potential for conflict along the Nile. Egypt fears water losses and threatens sanctions; Ethiopia plans to expand the electric power supply. The United Nations Security Council is advocating negotiations under the auspices of the African Union. Against this backdrop, this article discusses the nexus between water and energy in International Relations. A constructivist perspective helps to elaborate potential solutions on energy systems, water demand management and food that may be helpful in upcoming talks and in institution-building in similar endeavours.

Eco-friendly sun lamp for railway facilities

The paper considers the possibility of using a pulsed discharge in cesium as an environmentally friendly high quality light source for lighting industrial premises of railway transport facilities. The use of cesium filling of standard sapphire burners of high-pressure sodium lamps and a pulsed mode of electric power supply of the discharge to create a light source has been substantiated. A mathematical model of a high-pressure pulsed discharge in cesium is formulated on the basis of the radiative gas dynamics equations. The discharge was simulated and it was shown that it is possible to create a plasma with a temperature 4000 -7000 K and a pressure of 0.5 - 1.5 at m with the power supplied to the discharge ∼ 100 W/cm in the steady-state combustion mode. The dependence of the discharge lighting characteristics on the amplitude of the current pulses and the amount of cesium in the gas discharge tube is analyzed. It is shown that in a wide range of currents and plasma densities, the color rendering index of the discharge radiation Ra> 95 with luminous efficacy ηV ∼ 70lm/W and more. The average luminous flux emitted per unit length of the discharge column is ∼ 104 lm/cm. The color temperature of the discharge radiation can vary over a wide range of values Tc∼ 3000÷4500 K. It is shown that the color coordinates Xc,Yc of discharge radiation are close to the values Xc,Yc of a blackbody. The use of such a source in conditions of a short daylight hours will make it possible to create practically solar illumination of large production areas.

Design of Robust Control System of Magnetic Suspension and Balance System through Harmonic Excitation Simulation

The magnetic suspension and balance system (MSBS) uses magnetic force and moment to precisely control the movement of the test object located at the center of the test section without mechanical contact, and at the same time measure the external force acting on the test object. If such an MSBS is installed around the test section of the wind tunnel so that the position and attitude angle of the test object follow the harmonic function, various vibration tests can be performed on structures subjected to aerodynamic loads without the influence of the mechanical support. Because the control force and moment in the MSBS is generated by a number of electromagnets located around the test section, it is necessary to apply the adaptive control algorithm to the position and attitude control system so that the experiment can be carried out stably despite the sudden performance change of each electromagnet and electric power supply. In this study, a fault-tolerant position and attitude angle control system was designed through an adaptive control algorithm, and the effectiveness was verified through simulation under the condition that the electric power supply of MSBS failed.

The Effect of Electricity Supply on the Performance of Small and Medium-Scale Enterprises in Nigeria: A Case Study of Calabar South and Calabar Municipality of Cross River State

This research work analyzed the comparative study of the effect of electricity supply on the performance of small and medium-scale enterprises in Calabar South and Calabar Municipality,using small and medium scale businessmen and women as well as power holding company staff. The objectives of this study to analyze the comparative study of the effect of electricity supply on the performance of small and medium-scale enterprises in Calabar South and Calabar Municipality.The survey research design was adopted and a twelve (12) item structured questionnaire was used to obtain a sample size of 248 small and medium scale business owners and power holding staff randomly selected from the population. The results of the study revealed that there is a significant effect of electricity supply on the performance of small and medium-scale enterprises in Calabar South and Calabar Municipality. The results further revealed that insufficient electricity supply significantly affect the performance of small and medium-scale enterprises in Calabar South and Calabar Municipality.The study concludes that there are enormous difficulties being experienced by businesses in Cross River State and other parts of Nigeria due to inadequate and unreliable electric power supply. Thus an inadequate and unreliable supply of electricity imposes costs and therefore constrained firms’ operational performance as firms suffer high overhead cost due to the deficient electricity supply from the national grid. The study recommends that the Nigerian government needs to consider the issue of power supply reliability very seriously by facilitating both private and public investment in electricity infrastructure.

Ceramic Charcoal Stove in a Mixed Media

The acquisition of electric and gas stoves has been a difficult problem for most people in the rural places, hence most of them have resorted to wood for cooking. This has contributed to depletion of our forest and its attendant environmental consequences. This situation has made the researchers to attempts at looking for a way to reduce the amount of wood/charcoal used by designing a charcoal used by designs a chemical stove. This Ceramic Charcoal Stove was designed and built with locally obtained raw materials; locally composed low-density bricks and fired with a down-draught kiln at 800 degrees Celsius. The study also revealed that, once the charcoal in this stove is ignited, it could boil water at 6-7mins. This is a solution for conservation of charcoal used while cooking because some people are scared of using gas to cook because of its hazardous disadvantages while many others do not have money for refilling the gas cylinder and people who live in the rural area where there is no electric power supply, for electric stove. This solution has been found to have a high efficient heat maintenance property for cooking food and keeping the body warm is a welcomed development. This study is hoped to aid the in furtherance of academic research in this field and other related areas.