Evaluating the Efficiency of Newly Formulated Pomade® and Ceftiofur Hydrochloride for Treating Foot Rot in Dairy Cattle

Background: Foot rot is an important contagious disease that causes economic loss in dairy cattle. Even though many antibiotic treatments have been tried on foot rot, very few information about new topical treatment method or product have been reported about the disease. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate an alternative new treatment for foot root disease in dairy cattle. Methods: Forty-one swap samples were collected from cattle’s feet which were further investigated under microscopic examination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Dichelobacter nodosus and Fusobacterium necrophorum. Newly formulated pomade® and ceftiofur hydrochloride (Eficur®) applications were used in foot rot cases. Result: Polymerized chain reaction revealed D. nodosus in all the samples were as F. necrophorum was seen only in 22 (53.66%) samples. In this study, D. nodosus was considered as the primary agent involved in foot disease of cattle and F. necrophorum along with other bacterias were considered to be associated in the infection. The foot rot wounds formed in all cases (100%) in which D. nodosus, F. necrophorum and other bacteria were detected were healed along with tissue regeneration. As a result of treatment applications, a success rate of 93.33% was obtained in lameness resulting due to medium foot rot cases and 45.45% in severe acute lameness. The lameness recovery rate was found to be 80.48%.

Impact of Ceftiofur Administration in Steers on the Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp.

Bacterial resistance to ceftiofur raises health concerns due to ceftiofur’s extensive veterinary usage and structural similarity with the human antibiotic ceftriaxone. Ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) and ceftiofur hydrochloride (CHCL) are ceftiofur types used therapeutically in cattle, but their potential impacts on Campylobacter prevalence and antimicrobial resistance remain unclear. In this study two groups of steers were each treated with CCFA or CHCL. In vivo active drug concentrations were measured and fecal samples were analyzed for Campylobacter for up to 42 days post-treatment. Following administration, the colonic concentration of ceftiofur initially increased then dropped to pre-treatment levels by day 8. The estimated prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was significantly (p = 0.0009) higher during the first week after CCFA treatment than after CHCL treatment (81.3% vs. 45.2%). Campylobacter jejuni predominated overall, with other Campylobacter spp. mainly identified in the first week after CCFA treatment. No treatment impacts were noted on ceftiofur minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for C. jejuni (10–20 μg/mL). More C. jejuni genotypes were detected in CCFA-treated than CHCL-treated steers. These findings suggest that ceftiofur did not significantly impact Campylobacter prevalence or ceftiofur MIC. However, CHCL may be preferable due to the lower likelihood of temporary increases in Campylobacter prevalence.

Formulation, characterization and pharmacokinetics of long-acting ceftiofur hydrochloride suspension

Objectives: A ceftiofur hydrochloride long-acting oily suspension with no irritation was prepared by testing and optimizing the types and amounts of organic solvents, suspending agents, and surfactants. Methods: Its properties, stability, injection site irritation, in vitro release, and pharmacokinetics in pigs were evaluated. The optimum formulation was used ethyl oleate, aluminum monosterate, and span-80 asorganic solvents, suspending agents, and surfactant, respectively. The drug microparticles were uniform long strip with size of 1.53±0.11 µm and no agglomerations, and were evenly dispersed. The re-dispersed time, sedimentation rate and pH value of the suspension were 4 s under a magnetic shaker rotating at 20 r/min, 1 and 5.0, respectively. It could go through 7-gage needle smoothly with withdrawal volume of 9.9 mL/min. Results: The suspension showed good stability when stored away from light, no irritation at the injection site and sustained release in PBS buffer. After intramuscular administration, the drug concentration above 0.15 µg/mL was last for 120 h. Its elimination half-life (T½ke), mean residence time (MRT), and bioavailability were increased by 1.73, 1.62, and 2.16 times compared to Excenel®. Conclusion: The results suggested that the suspension had excellent sustained-release and will make ceftiofur hydrochloride more effective and convenient to use.

FEATURES OF DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF UTERINE ABSCESS IN COWS

Uterine abscess in cows is nowadays insufficiently researched and enlightened problem of veterinary obstetrics and needs more detailed study in terms of diagnostics, causes, clinical manifestation and development of effective treatments. The purpose of the work was a comprehensive diagnosis, study of the etiology, clinical manifestation and effectiveness of treatment of uterine abscess in cows. Complex diagnostics included clinical and ultrasound examinations and microbiological studies. Clinical diagnosis was based on anamnesis, examination, palpation, evaluation of the nature of genital discharge. Ultrasound used a modern KX5200 Kaixin scanner for cattle. Microbiologically, the microflora of the contained abscess was investigated and, according to conventional methods, the sensitivity of the microorganisms to the preparations was determined. Some etiologic factors of cow uterine abscess are presented in the paper, including inappropriate obstetric intervention in obstetric care, infection in the birth canal after incorrect treatment, some consequences of various kinds of trauma in childbirth. The clinical picture and symptomatology of the disease are revealed. It is noted that the pathology is manifested by symptoms of endometritis, occurs with fever, frequent pulse and is characterized by a worsening of the general condition. Ultrasound is the most commonly diagnosed abscess localized at the point of transition of the cervix to the body. Rectal examination showed significant uterine enlargement and tenderness to the touch, especially at the site of abscess formation. According to the results of microbiological studies, the most effective in the spectrum of action was the drug for intrauterine administration of «Ceftiozol», based on ceftiofur hydrochloride, with the addition of lactic acid, diamond green, benzalkonium chloride and dimethyl sulfoxide, which is recommended as a treatment system for the first treatment. In addition, the treatment scheme used drugs «Enzaprost», «Uterodev» and «Retinol-250». The therapeutic efficacy of the proposed treatment protocol was proved with 83.3%, which was confirmed by the results of rectal and ultrasound examination of the uterus. Accordingly, after synchronization of sexual hunting, 10 cows were successfully inseminated, as evidenced by calving on the 30th day. The following examples of manifestations of uterine abscess in cows, clearly demonstrate the need for timely diagnosis and rational treatment of postpartum endometritis. In the future, it is planned to develop a comprehensive scheme for the prevention of postpartum pathology of cows with the use of aerosols «Yodozol» and «Tseftiozol», and to establish its therapeutic efficiency based on blood biochemical parameters.