Optimized Economic Loading of Distribution Transformers Using Minimum Energy Loss Computing

This paper presents an approach to achieve the Economic Loading of Distribution Transformer (ELDT) based on minimizing the active energy loss. The effects of the transformer on-load and no-load losses, load factor (LF), and load loss factor (LSF) on the total energy losses are considered. The adopted technique in this paper consists of two phases, where ELDT is determined analytically in the first phase, and the load profile adequated (LSF) is statistically obtained in the second one. The results declare that the proposed technique is suitable for the shifts system mode of operation such as in industrial plants. Moreover, this paper investigates the effect of the total active and reactive power and energy losses on ELDT. Finally, numerical examples with software analyses are performed as a valuable tool, which supports the decision-makers to decide trustfully the size of the transformer and its capacity (kVA) during the design stage, as well as to determine the economic loading during the operation based on the effective factors, that is, total power, energy losses, and the load profile.

A Two-Level Desired Load Profile Tracking Algorithm for Electric Two-Wheeler Charging Stations

In Vietnam and in other developing countries, two-wheeled electric vehicles are potential alternatives to gasoline-powered motorbikes. The growth in the number of Electric Two-Wheelers (E2Ws) requires a large power demand of charging load. In addition, the increasing spread in the appearance and penetration of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) power systems, with their intermittence and uncertain nature, poses technical challenges that need to be addressed. The coordination of PV rooftop operation and EV charging may be an effective solution to meet the emerging load demand from EVs, increasing solar power penetration while minimizing the cost of grid reinforcement or possible upgrades. In this paper, a two-level desired load profile tracking algorithm for PV integrated electric bicycles/electric motorcycle charging stations is proposed with the purposes of load leveling, valley filling, and peak shaving. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is an effective solution, significantly improving the load profile, especially when compared with uncontrolled charging and constant charging power scheme.

Design and analysis of grid-connected sustainable urban residential energy systems

Purpose Earlier most of the research groups have designed and developed hybrid renewable energy system models with technological, scientific and industrial advancement for the energy systems, but slight attention has been paid towards the grid-connected sustainable urban residential energy systems (SUReS) for metropolitan cities. The current research wishes to design, model and analyze grid-connected energy system for residential applications for sustainable urban residential energy system. The works aims to explore the potential of the augmented energy system for grid-connected energy system. Design/methodology/approach The proposed grid-connected SUReS are validated for a sample location at New Delhi (India) with a hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) software to define and understand the various load profile. It presents the sensitivity analysis approach to validate the design of the proposed energy system. Findings The obtained results reports the key barriers, proposed model and scenarios for sustainable urban energy system development. Research limitations/implications Similar approaches can be replicated to design and develop an independent, self-sustainable cleaner and environmental-friendly energy system in the future scenario for the extension of complex grid infrastructures. Practical implications It will assist the stakeholder in solving the complex urban sustainability issues raised due to the shortage of energy. Social implications It will offer a clean and environment friendly sustainable energy resources with reduced carbon emissions. It will benefit sustainable energy resources with a mix of challenges and opportunities, to suggest an approach for implementation of efficient energy policies to optimize the existing and forthcoming energy systems. Originality/value The current research offers a design and model to analyze grid-connected energy system sustainable urban residential applications. It explores the potential of the augmented energy system. The proposed model are validated for a sample location with HOMER simulation software to define and understand various scenarios of the multiple load profile. The work presents the sensitivity analysis approach to validate the proposed energy system.