Urocystis violae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

A description is provided for Urocystis violae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cultivated and wild violets, principally Viola odorata, also V. adunca, V. alba, V. biflora, V. glabella, V. grypoceras, V. longipes, V. lutea, V. nuttallii, V. reichenbackiana, V. riviniana, V. tricolor, V. turkestanica and other Viola spp. and hybrids. DISEASE: Leaf and stem smut of Viola spp. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Cyprus, Japan, USSR (Republic of Georgia, Turkestan). Europe: widespread, including Austria, British Isles, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania Sweden, Switzerland, USSR (Estonia), Yugoslavia, possibly extending into north Africa. North America: Canada, USA. TRANSMISSION: Infection is perennial in the rootstock. New infections are initiated from ustilospores which survive in decaying plant parts and in soil. Transmission by seed has been reported (5, 34) but is presumably rare.

Gibberella baccata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

A description is provided for Gibberella baccata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Buxus, Citrus, Juglans, Pinus and many other, usually woody, hosts but it may attack cereals and cause leaf spots and ultimate dieback on some ornamental shrubs. DISEASES: Dieback, bud blight, twig blight or canker, pitch canker of Pinus species (Berry & Hepting, 1969), collar rot of coffee, fusariosis of olive, megare or bud blight of Morus. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World wide on woody hosts, infrequently recorded on seeds or from soil. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne spores (chiefly ascospores) or by water splash.