DEVELOPMENT OF A BIM INFRASTRUCTURE WORKFLOW ADAPTED TO FACILITIES OF LAND SUBDIVISION PROJECTS IN MOROCCO

Land subdivision represents a complex procedure which leads to the construction of a set of buildings and utilities necessary for the viability of the project: Roads, sewerage network, water network, electricity network and telecommunication networks. The techniques adopted so far to carry out land subdivision projects in Morocco have certain limitations. Several stakeholders are necessary for the realization of a land subdivision and many 2D plans and documents are used. These plans and documents are independently produced and carried out by the various trades involved in the project. If a change is made to one element of the project, which often happens, several documents and plans are affected and must be updated. This can be a source of errors and conflicts and can lead to an increase in the time and cost of the hall project. This study proposes the development of a Building Information Modelling (BIM) infrastructure workflow adapted to land subdivision projects in Morocco. The integration of BIM in this type of project is an innovation in the Moroccan context. It will improve the design, simplify communication and collaboration between the various stakeholders and facilitate the management and the monitoring of the project. The resulting digital BIM model can be used to produce 2D and 3D construction plans, take measurements and plan work. It constitutes the basic platform to perform calculations and simulations at any stage of the infrastructure life cycle and to detect and resolve interferences in a collaborative environment.

Garden-district in the outskirts of São Paulo: Interlagos Satellite Spa-Town

A series of new districts appeared in São Paulo between 1915 and 1940, all inspired in the garden-city concept created by Ebenezer Howard. The City of São Paulo Improvements and Freehold Land Company Limited established some of them in the southwest sector of the city, near downtown: Jardim América (1915), Butantã (1921), Alto da Lapa (1921), Pacaembu (1925), and Alto de Pinheiros (1931). Other developers carried out land subdivisions inspired in the same garden-districts concepts, but in more distant areas. The following garden-districts were built in the southern area of the city: Chácara Flora (1928), Interlagos (1938), and Granja Julieta (1956). Unlike central garden-districts, the history of the outlying garden-districts was seldom or only partly studied. Given this scenario, this study aims to fill a historiographical gap on Interlagos garden-district, which was born as “Interlagos Satellite Spa Town”. Its form is such an important example of landscaping and cultural heritage that the district was listed as protected by the city heritage agency in Resolution nº 18, November 23, 2004, in view of the morphological and historical features of the original land subdivision. This study relies on an urban morphology cognitive study which, according to Rego and Meneguetti (2011), aims to expand the knowledge on the origins and explanations of that urban form. The study presents unpublished data on the district formation, taken mainly from a survey carried out in newspapers from the 1930s and 1940s.

Assessing Interactions between Agriculture, Livestock Grazing and Wildlife Conservation Land Uses: A Historical Example from East Africa

Despite mobile livestock grazing being widely recognized as one of the most viable and sustainable land uses for semi-arid savanna, which can deliver clear wildlife conservation benefits, the levels of pastoral sedentarization and transitions to agricultural livelihoods continue to rise in many pastoral communities across the world. Using questionnaire interviews with community elders, our study assessed changing trends in livestock grazing, wildlife conservation, and sedentarization levels from the 1960s to the present day across three savannas in southern Kenya. Our study identified the drivers of land uses and land subdivision and the implications of land use change on savanna ecology. Over the last half century, there has been a 30% decline in livestock grazing land in southern Kenya due to the expansion of land for agriculture and wildlife conservation. Despite the decline, livestock grazing remains the preferred land use in subdivided and privatized lands. Pastoralist land used for wildlife conservation was perceived to be higher (30%) in southwestern Kenya compared to southeastern Kenya (16%), despite their geographical proximity. These historical insights provide useful lessons for maintaining space for wildlife, diversifying livelihoods, and increasing the resilience of pastoralists in the process of transitioning from traditional subsistence to market economies and the threats of social and ecological dislocation.

Land subdivision: How students determine equal area

This study aims to support student’s understanding of the properties of a bisector related to the area of the triangle. A context and a set of activities is design based on Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) theory to develop students’ understanding and to engage them in meaningful activities. Design research is chosen as the research approach with two cycles of experiment. A context of land subdivision problem was selected to activate students’ prior knowledge and to bring them into the activities. At First, the activities is presented in small group of mathematics students and in the regional mathematics competition as one of the final question for the finalists. Then, the second cycle is conducted in the classroom with students from mathematics education program in Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. The result showed that none of the students and finalists in the competition were able to solve the question because they do not have idea how to do land subdivision. They cannot use their prior knowledge of bisector to solve the problem. After revising the activities, in the classroom, all groups in the class were able to solve the problem. These activities are land subdivision with three different levels of difficulties and purposes.

Subdivision of joint tenure in agricultural communities: customary land rights management in Slovenia

This paper presents the process of real estate reallocation as a mass cadastral subdivision process of agrarian communities’ customary rights. The agricultural communities have existed for centuries and have been jointly owning and using the common land. Such gatherings were developed mainly due to the unique requirements deriving from land use and relief characteristics, such as joint forest management on mountain slopes. The main objective of this research has been to analyse the process of real estate subdivision, which has its legal background in Slovenian legislation. In this paper, the process of cadastral subdivision of land owned by agricultural communities is presented as a mass cadastral land subdivision process: from preparatory work to the new geometric structure of the common land. The cadastral, organisational, and engineering role of the chartered surveying engineer and the surveying company is examined. An aim of the paper is, inter alia, to develop a conceptual model of the process that will serve as a basis for optimisation, for a more just and more efficient distribution of assets among community members. The course of the individual steps of the community established land subdivision is shown with unified modelling language (UML) activity diagrams. As a case study, we have considered the subdivision of the property of the agricultural community of Zgornja Sorica in Slovenia.

Decoding (Sub)Urban-Rural Fragmentation Processes

The spatial complexity of metropolitan territories is the result of the accumulation of various forms of urban and infrastructural development, some of which can be characterized as being based on a fragmentary mode of production. The chapter aims at building an empirical approach to a broader discussion regarding spatial fragmentation as part of metropolitan territorial development using an example on an important suburban territory in the Lisbon metropolitan area (Portugal). As such, it will provide a conceptual review of contemporary urban and morphological approaches to metropolization and the issue of urban-rural relationships, an overview of Lisbon's metropolitan development and the specific changes identified in the case study, the overview and results of morphological analysis regarding land subdivision processes, and a discussion on a design-oriented description of territorial components with potential to reinforce the spatial synergies of urban fabrics, infrastructures, and open space.

Contributions of partnerships to conservation and development: insights from Amboseli

For several decades, both academics and practitioners have fiercely debated how to reconcileconservation and development objectives. In Sub-Saharan Africa, efforts to align biodiversityconservation and livelihood goals have triggered a shift from pure protected area approaches toa hybrid scenario, including diverse partnership arrangements, that consider livelihood needsof communities neighboring protected areas. These partnerships often include tourism toprovide income and jobs. The future of the Amboseli landscape in Kenya has been an integralpart of these debates, since it has faced long-lasting conservation and development challenges.Many initiatives, often in the form of partnership arrangements, have tried to address thesechallenges. By using the Sustainable Livelihood Framework (SLF) and a set of indicators tomeasure the contributions to conservation, we examine two of these partnerships - the AmboseliEcosystem Trust (AET) and Big Life Foundation (BLF)- with the aim of understanding theextent to which they contribute to addressing these challenges. Data were collected usingdocument analysis, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, non-participant observation,and informal conversations. Findings show that both AET and BLF have been able to addressdirect drivers of biodiversity loss (such as human wildlife conflicts, poaching, unplannedinfrastructural developments) and - to a much lesser extent - the indirect drivers, such as povertyand land subdivision. Through the workings of both partnerships, more community membershave gained access to specific community capital assets, through employment opportunities andother monetary incentives and education. However, it is not clear if and how the livelihoodbenefits transfer to real and long-term support for wildlife conservation.