The (Un)Managed Heart: Racial Contours of Emotion Work in Gendered Occupations

The concept of emotional labor has been very useful for elucidating how the expansion of a service economy perpetuated new forms of work that maintained gender divisions and inequalities. Research has been slower to catch up to the ways that emotional labor has racial implications as well, but recent studies are making important contributions and moving the literature in this direction. In this review, I consider how increasing racial diversity in the US population informs how emotion work is performed in the current economy. I also discuss how other macrostructural changes such as the rise of aesthetic labor, the gig economy, and the overwhelming growth of the service industry can reshape our understanding of the intersections between race and gender in emotional labor.

From Now to Next

The failure of political and business leaders to protect people against Covid-19 and its economic crisis, police violence and systemic racism, deaths of despair, climate change, and failing democracy has pushed millions into activism. This chapter suggests six broad goals that could unify the now often disparate movements seeking a better world: grow the public sector, strengthen democracy, confront the burdens that systemic racism and sexism impose, transform the conversation on taxes and regulation, focus on cities, and make science and technology public property. It also proposes practical strategies for building a more effective movement. These include making it easy to connect personal and social activism; talking about race, class and gender divisions in ways that highlight their role in weakening movements; and challenging capitalist ideas. Every generation has faced similar daunting challenges. Always some have found ways to organize for a safer future for humanity. Now it is our turn.

Avar

This chapter provides a grammatical sketch of Avar, the largest indigenous language of Dagestan. Avar has five vowels and more than 40 consonants, among which there are a number of voiced, voiceless, ejective (glottalized), and tense (strong) obstruents. The language is agglutinative with some elements of fusion and strongly suffixing. Nouns are divided into three genders, and three inflectional classes, which largely correlate with the gender divisions. The core cases are absolutive, ergative, dative and genitive; furthermore, there are twenty spatial cases. Avar has gender and number agreement expressed by prefixes, suffixes, and occasionally infixes. Agreement targets are mainly verbs, adjectives, and certain pronouns. While agreement and case marking follow ergative alignment, no ergative patterns are found outside the realm of morphology. The rich inventory of verb forms consists of four synthetic and six analytic core tenses used in finite clauses. The non-finite verb forms include infinitive, masdar, and a wide range of participles and converbs. Noun phrases and subordinate clauses are head-final. In main clauses there is a clear tendency for A-P-V order, but other orders are also attested.

Relationality and linked lives during transitions to parenthood in Europe: an analysis of institutionally framed work-care divisions

This article ties together key findings from a 12-year cross-national qualitative collaboration that involved researchers from nine European countries. Our comparative analysis draws on longitudinal heterosexual couple data, in which both partners were interviewed first, during pregnancy, and second, between six months and two-and-a-half years after childbirth. We tackle the relational ties that shape family practices from a lifecourse perspective, emphasising the interdependent construction of motherhood and fatherhood identities, couples’ institutional embeddedness and linked lives. Analysing the data by combining the relationality and lifecourse perspectives brings forth how women and men enact agency in a constrained environment while making consequential decisions about their own, their partners’ and children’s futures. Whereas the gender culture provides parents with arguments and discourses to motivate their work-care plans, the policy context limits how new parents interact as they seek to escape or cope with institutionally prescribed gender divisions of work and care.

Covid-19 and Women’s Triple Burden: Vignettes from Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Vietnam and Australia

During disease outbreaks, women endure additional burdens associated with paid and unpaid work, often without consideration or the alleviation of other life responsibilities. This paper draws on the concept of the triple burden in theorizing the gender divisions in productive and reproductive work and community activities in the context of disaster. Events that include famine, war, natural disaster or disease outbreak are all well documented as increasing women’s vulnerability to a worsening of gendered burdens. In the case of the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic, this is no different. Focussing on Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Vietnam and Australia, the four vignettes in this paper serve to highlight the intersections between Covid-19 and gendered burdens, particularly in frontline work, unpaid care work and community activities. While pre-disaster gender burdens are well established as strong, our analysis during the early months of the pandemic indicates that women’s burdens are escalating. We estimate that women will endure a worsening of their burdens until the pandemic is well under control, and for a long time after. Public policy and health efforts have not sufficiently acknowledged the issues concerned with the associations between gender and disease outbreaks.

Living Outside the Wall: the Quarter of Wattle-and-daub Houses in Old Dongola of the Funj Period

Excavations at Old Dongola in 2018/2019 led to the discovery of a quarter of wattle-and-daub houses located outside the town walls. The houses, dated to the 17th − 18th century, are arranged in compounds and visibly differ from other dwellings. This paper aims to identify the functional and social organisation of domestic space, based primarily on the analysis of access and activity areas. It sheds light on the relations of private and public space as well as gender divisions. The paper also addresses the question of the identity of dwellers and the social structure of the town in the Funj period.

Gender Bias in Technical Vocational Livelihood Program: A Qualitative Study on the Experience of Male Students in Home Economics Strand

This study examined whether male students dominated classroom interaction in home economics lessons and whether other classroom processes sustained gender divisions in this subject in schools. The sample included 4 males home economics students in the two classes. Data were collected during five minute observation sessions in each class and semi-structured interviews with all the students. Results were examine using thematic content analysis. This method of data analysis as a process of analyzing data by systematize in into categories based on themes, concepts or similar features. The researchers have come to know that Gender Bias or Gender inequality refers to unfair rights between male and female based on different gender roles which leads to unequal treatment in life.