An analysis of preferences and practices related to the mode of delivery in Agra district of Uttar Pradesh

Background: Preferences and actual practices in regard to delivery of pregnant women have wide variations. This study is an attempt to explore some of the socio-demographic factors responsible for preferences and practices in regard to mode of delivery among institutional deliveries in Agra district.Methods: This community based descriptive observational study was conducted among 300 eligible women of Agra district who were selected through multistage random sampling. Both bivariate and multivariate analysis was done and appropriate statistical tests were used.Results: The study found that out of 300 subjects; 272 had institutional deliveries among which 265 (97.43%) had a preference for vaginal delivery (VD) while only 7 (2.57%) had a preference for caesarean section (CS) but in actuality, 223 (81.99%) were delivered through vaginal mode while 49 (18.01%) had CS. On multiple logistic regression analysis, mode of delivery in previous pregnancy was found to have a significant association with the preference of a woman in regard to her mode of delivery with odds ratio of 9.88 (95% CI 1.46-66.80) and p=0.019.Conclusions: Preferences in regard to mode of delivery of a woman was only associated with her mode of delivery in previous pregnancy but her actual practice was also significantly associated with her place of delivery in addition to her mode of delivery in previous pregnancy.

The Influence of Analysis Mode Selection on Prediction Accuracy of Corneal Astigmatism Using Pentacam

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of analysis mode selection on prediction accuracy of corneal astigmatism using Pentacam.Methods: Fifty-nine eyes of 59 patients implanted with toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) were included in the retrospective study. Preoperative corneal astigmatism (total refractive power) measured with Pentacam was analyzed based on 2-, 3-, 4-, or 5-mm ring or zone mode either centered on corneal apex or pupil center. Actual corneal astigmatism was calculated based on residual astigmatism on the corneal plane, surgical-induced astigmatism, and effective toric power on the corneal plane. Prediction error, the difference between actual corneal astigmatism and measured astigmatism, was compared among different analysis modes. Influences of local topography on prediction error were also evaluated.Results: Based on the zone mode, prediction error was lower when centered on corneal apex than on pupil center at different diameters, whereas based on the ring mode, this difference was only seen at 2-mm cornea (all P < 0.05). When centered on the corneal apex, the zone mode showed lower prediction error than the ring mode at 4- and 5-mm corneas (both P < 0.001), regardless of asymmetric or symmetric astigmatism. In symmetric bowtie, the zone mode showed lower prediction error than the ring mode at 2-mm cornea of the small bowtie, and 4- and 5-mm corneas of the large bowtie (all P < 0.05).Conclusions: For toric IOL planning, the corneal apex may be a better reference center. At a cornea diameter ≥4 mm, the zone mode is more accurate than the ring mode. Local topography affects prediction accuracy in the symmetric bowtie.

Optimal design of extractive dividing-wall column using an efficient equation-oriented approach

The extractive dividing-wall column (EDWC) is one of the most efficient technologies for separation of azeotropic or close boiling-point mixtures, but its design is fairly challenging. In this paper we extend the hybrid feasible path optimisation algorithm (Ma Y, McLaughlan M, Zhang N, Li J. Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2020, 143: 107058) for such optimal design. The tolerances-relaxation integration method is refined to allow for long enough integration time that can ensure the solution of the pseudo-transient continuation simulation close to the steady state before the required tolerance is used. To ensure the gradient and Jacobian information available for optimisation, we allow a relaxed tolerance for the simulation in the sensitivity analysis mode when the simulation diverges under small tolerance. In addition, valid lower bounds on purity of the recycled entrainer and the vapour flow rate in column sections are imposed to improve computational efficiency. The computational results demonstrate that the extended hybrid algorithm can achieve better design of the EDWC compared to those in literature. The energy consumption can be reduced by more than 20% compared with existing literature report. In addition, the optimal design of the heat pump assisted EDWC is achieved using the improved hybrid algorithm for the first time.

SMART: recent updates, new developments and status in 2020

SMART (Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool) is a web resource (https://smart.embl.de) for the identification and annotation of protein domains and the analysis of protein domain architectures. SMART version 9 contains manually curated models for more than 1300 protein domains, with a topical set of 68 new models added since our last update article (1). All the new models are for diverse recombinase families and subfamilies and as a set they provide a comprehensive overview of mobile element recombinases namely transposase, integrase, relaxase, resolvase, cas1 casposase and Xer like cellular recombinase. Further updates include the synchronization of the underlying protein databases with UniProt (2), Ensembl (3) and STRING (4), greatly increasing the total number of annotated domains and other protein features available in architecture analysis mode. Furthermore, SMART’s vector-based protein display engine has been extended and updated to use the latest web technologies and the domain architecture analysis components have been optimized to handle the increased number of protein features available.

Percepção de indivíduos renais crônicos em hemodiálise sobre transplante renal

Objetivo: identificar a percepção de pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise sobre transplante renal. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, exploratório, com 20 pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise em um hospital público por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, que, em seguida, foram transcritas e submetidas à técnica de Análise de Conteúdo na modalidade Análise Categorial. Resultados: emergiram-se as categorias << Perspectivas sobre o transplante renal >>; << Transplante renal: a chance de uma nova vida >>; << Por trás do transplante renal: incertezas e frustrações >> e << Comunicação como instrumento de cuidado >>. Conclusão: constatou-se que a percepção dos entrevistados sobre o transplante renal se relacionou à mudança de vida, garantindo sensação de liberdade em relação a outras terapias e aumento da expectativa de vida. Apresentou-se, ainda assim, para alguns entrevistados, como mais uma opção de tratamento, não sendo associado à cura e, devido aos casos de insucesso e longo tempo de espera para realizá-lo, provoca frustrações e incertezas a respeito dessa terapia. Identificou-se, também, a importância da educação em saúde, sobretudo pela Enfermagem, influenciando o esclarecimento e diminuição dos anseios diante do transplante. Descritores: Falência Renal Crônica; Transplante de Rim; Diálise Renal; Educação em Saúde; Qualidade de Vida; Enfermagem.AbstractObjective: to identify the perception of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis about kidney transplantation. Method: this is a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory study, with 20 patients undergoing hemodialysis in a public hospital through semi-structured interviews, which were then transcribed and submitted to the Content Analysis technique in the Category Analysis mode. Results: the following categories emerged: << Perspectives on kidney transplantation >>; << Kidney transplantation: the chance for a new life >>; << Behind the kidney transplant: uncertainties and frustrations >> and << Communication as a care tool >>. Conclusion: it was found that the interviewees' perception of kidney transplantation was related to life change, guaranteeing a sense of freedom in relation to other therapies and increased life expectancy. It was presented, however, to some interviewees, as another treatment option, not being associated with a cure and, due to the cases of failure and long waiting time to perform it, it causes frustrations and uncertainties regarding this therapy. It was also identified the importance of health education, especially by Nursing, influencing the clarification and reduction of anxieties regarding transplantation. Descriptors: Chronic Kidney Failure; Kidney Transplantation; Renal Dialysis; Health Education, Quality of Life; Nursing.ResumenObjetivo: identificar la percepción de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica sometidos a hemodiálisis sobre trasplante renal. Método: este es un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio con 20 pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis en un hospital público a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, que luego fueron transcritas y sometidas a la técnica de Análisis de Contenido en la modalidad de Análisis Categorial. Resultados: surgieron las siguientes categorías: << Perspectivas sobre el trasplante de riñón >>; << Trasplante de riñón: la oportunidad de una nueva vida >>; << Detrás del trasplante de riñón: incertidumbres y frustraciones >> y << La comunicación como herramienta de atención >>. Conclusión: se encontró que la percepción de los entrevistados sobre el trasplante de riñón estaba relacionada con el cambio de vida, lo que garantiza una sensación de libertad en relación con otras terapias y una mayor esperanza de vida. Sin embargo, se presentó a algunos entrevistados como otra opción de tratamiento, ya que no se asocia con una cura y, debido a los casos de fracaso y el largo tiempo de espera para realizarlo, causa frustraciones e incertidumbres con respecto a esta terapia. También se identificó la importancia de la educación para la salud, especialmente de enfermería, influyendo en la aclaración y reducción de las ansiedades con respecto al trasplante. Descriptores: Fallo Renal Crónico; Trasplante de Riñón; Diálisis Renal; Educación en Salud; Calidad de Vida; Enfermería.

A Reference Feature based method for Quantification and Identification of LC-MS based untargeted metabolomics

Batch inconsistency is a major problem when applying LC-MS based untargeted metabolomics in real-time analysis situation such as clinical diagnosis or health monitoring. And inefficiency of collecting MS2 is a major problem for metabolite identification. Here, we developed a reference-feature based quantification and identification strategy (RFQI). In RFQI, samples are individually profiled using a pre-fixed reference feature table. Quantification results show that RFQI improves features’ overlap rate and reduce variance across batches significantly in real-time-analysis mode, and can find more than 4-fold numbers of features. Besides, RFQI collects MS2 from consecutive increasing samples for metabolite identification of pre-fixed features, thus it can effectively compensate for the poor efficiency of MS2 collection in data-dependent acquisition mode. In summary, RFQI can make full advantage of consecutive increasing samples in real-time analysis situation, both for quantification and identification.

Targeted Isolation of Lignans from Trachelospermum asiaticum Using Molecular Networking and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis

High-resolution-mass-spectrometry (HR-MS) methods rapidly provide extensive structural information for the isolation of metabolites in natural products. However, they may occasionally provide more information than required and interfere with the targeted analysis of natural products. In this study, we aimed to selectively isolate lignans from Trachelospermum asiaticum by applying the Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). T. asiaticum, which contains lignans, triterpenoids and flavonoids that possess various biological activities, was analyzed in a data-dependent acquisition (DDA) analysis mode using HR-MS. The preprocessed MS spectra were applied not only to GNPS for molecular networking but also to HCA based on similarity patterns between two nodes. The combination of these two methods reliably helped in the targeted isolation of lignan-type metabolites, which are expected to possess potent anti-cancer or anti-inflammatory activities.

Health care for people in oncological treatment

Objetivo: analisar a legislação em vigor e compará-la com a realidade relatada pelos usuários da saúde, que realizam tratamento oncológico em uma unidade de saúde. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, exploratório, com dez pessoas com doença oncológica, internadas numa unidade hospitalar. Utilizaram-se, como ferramentas de coleta de dados, a entrevista semiestruturada, o diário de campo e a análise documental. Ordenaram-se os dados, seguindo a técnica de Análise de conteúdo na modalidade Análise de categorias. Resultados: elencaram-se as seguintes categorias de análise: diagnóstico precoce; modalidade cartão SUS e rede pública X rede privada na saúde. Conclusão: alerta-se que existem expressivas lacunas no que diz respeito à assistência à saúde no SUS, especificamente quanto ao diagnóstico inicial da doença e ao acesso ao tratamento. Descritores: Saúde Pública; Oncologia; Rede de Atenção à Saúde; Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde; Assistência à Saúde; Regionalização.AbstractObjective: to analyze the legislation in force and compare it with the reality reported by health users, who perform cancer treatment in a health unit. Method: this is a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory study with ten people with cancer disease, admitted to a hospital unit. The data collection tools used were semi-structured interviews, field diaries and document analysis. The data was ordered, following the technique of Content Analysis in the category Analysis mode. Results: the following categories of analysis were listed: early diagnosis; UHS card modality and public network X private network in health. Conclusion: it is warned that there are significant gaps regarding health care in UHS, specifically regarding the initial diagnosis of the disease and access to treatment. Descriptors: Public Health; Oncology; Health Care Network; Health Services Accessibility; Regional Health Planning.ResumenObjetivo: analizar la legislación vigente y compararla con la realidad reportada por los usuarios de la salud, que realizan tratamiento del cáncer en una unidad de salud. Método: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio con diez personas con enfermedad de cáncer, ingresadas en una unidad hospitalaria. Las herramientas de recolección de datos utilizadas fueron entrevistas semiestructuradas, diarios de campo y análisis de documentos. Los datos se ordenaron siguiendo la técnica de Análisis de contenido en la categoría Modo de análisis. Resultados: se enumeraron las siguientes categorías de análisis: diagnóstico temprano; Modalidad de tarjeta SUS y red pública X red privada en la salud. Conclusión: se advierte que existen lagunas significativas con respecto a la atención médica en el SUS, específicamente con respecto al diagnóstico inicial de la enfermedad y el acceso al tratamiento. Descriptores: Salud Pública; Oncología; Red de Atención a la Salud; Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud; Prestación de Atención de Salud; Regionalización.