TO THE ETIMOLOGY OF FORM -GALAKH AND ITS GRAMMATICAL STATUS IN THE TURKIC LANGUAGES

Статья посвящена форме на - залах, являющейся изоглоссой тюркских языков Сибири, которая также представлена за ее пределами в киргизском и языке фуюйских кыргызов. Автор прослеживает ее становление в грамматической системе этих языков. Установлено, что ее грамматический статус в тюркских языках не однороден: в одних языках форма выполняет более широкую функцию, выступая в роли причастия и глагольной формой времени (наклонения), в других языках - менее значимую функцию, служа глагольным отрицанием. Приведен анализ взглядов исследователей, вызывающих дискуссии по поводу этимологии данной формы. На основании анализа предположений об ее происхождении выделяются и описываются монгольская и тюркская этимологии, излагаются взгляды о двух - и трехкомпонентной структуре формы на - залах. The article is devoted to form -galakh, which is an isogloss of the Turkic languages of Siberia, which is also represented outside of it in Kyrgyz and the language of the Fuyu Kyrgyz. The author traces its formation in the grammatical system in these languages. It is established that its grammatical status in the Turkic languages is not uniform: in some languages, the form performs a broader function, acting as a participle and a verb form of the tense (mood), in other languages - a less significant function, serving as a verbal negation. The article analyzes the researchers' views that cause discussions about the etymology of this form. Based on the analysis of the assumptions about its origin, the Mongolian and Turkic etymologies are distinguished and described, and views on the two - and three - component structure of form - gahkh are presented.

MAKNA SUNGAI DALAM RUANG HIDUP YANG BERUBAH: STUDI KASUS DAYAK NGAJU, KALIMANTAN TENGAH

The rivers flow on the island of Borneo have had a significant function for human life since a long time ago. The river has had a role in the dynamics of civilization and environmental evolution in human life until now. With the construction of road infrastructure, the significance of rivers for riverside communities has also changed. This study sees how Ngaju people interpret the river in a living space that changes with development. The research was conducted in two villages which show the characteristics of different locations, society, and development rates. The villages are Talingke village on the bank of the Katingan River and Pangi Village on the bank of the Kahayan River. Data collection were through observation, interviews, and literature study. The study shows that the characteristics of the river area, the community, and the development rates affect the community in interpreting the river. On the one hand, Pangi people start to leave activities in the river, but they still hold the values of the river in their lives. On the other hand, Talingke’s people still focus their activities on the river but no longer have river values in their lives.

Anthropologie visuelle et représentations alternatives du corps en situation de handicap

This article proposes to reflect on models of documentary staging of sensory disability in open and closed environments. Based on an anthropology of the sensitive, the analysis will focus on the works of Frederick Wiseman and Werner Herzog in particular. The analysis tools of visual anthropology will allow us to examine the scenic biases and the singularity of the authors’ views on disability as well as the variety of learning methods used by the people filmed. We will focus on the description of the body in a situation of disability, on the relationship between the able-bodied and the disabled, as well as on the significant function that the social, medical and educational context can have in the situations described.

Comparative analysis of the essential CPU scheduling algorithms

CPU scheduling algorithms have a significant function in multiprogramming operating systems. When the CPU scheduling is effective a high rate of computation could be done correctly and also the system will maintain in a stable state. As well as, CPU scheduling algorithms are the main service in the operating systems that fulfill the maximum utilization of the CPU. This paper aims to compare the characteristics of the CPU scheduling algorithms towards which one is the best algorithm for gaining a higher CPU utilization. The comparison has been done between ten scheduling algorithms with presenting different parameters, such as performance, algorithm’s complexity, algorithm’s problem, average waiting times, algorithm’s advantages-disadvantages, allocation way, etc. The main purpose of the article is to analyze the CPU scheduler in such a way that suits the scheduling goals. However, knowing the algorithm type which is most suitable for a particular situation by showing its full properties.

CSCD2: an integrated interactional database of cancer-specific circular RNAs

The significant function of circRNAs in cancer was recognized in recent work, so a well-organized resource is required for characterizing the interactions between circRNAs and other functional molecules (such as microRNA and RNA-binding protein) in cancer. We previously developed cancer-specific circRNA database (CSCD), a comprehensive database for cancer-specific circRNAs, which is widely used in circRNA research. Here, we updated CSCD to CSCD2 (http://geneyun.net/CSCD2 or http://gb.whu.edu.cn/CSCD2), which includes significantly more cancer-specific circRNAs identified from a large number of human cancer and normal tissues/cell lines. CSCD2 contains >1000 samples (825 tissues and 288 cell lines) and identifies a large number of circRNAs: 1 013 461 cancer-specific circRNAs, 1 533 704 circRNAs from only normal samples and 354 422 circRNAs from both cancer and normal samples. In addition, CSCD2 predicts potential miRNA–circRNA and RBP–circRNA interactions using binding motifs from >200 RBPs and 2000 microRNAs. Furthermore, the potential full-length and open reading frame sequence of these circRNAs were also predicted. Collectively, CSCD2 provides a significantly enhanced resource for exploring the function and regulation of circRNAs in cancer.

Description of invariant NKT cells.

Recently discovered subpopulations belonging to cell groups called “invariant” NKT, also referred to as type I NKT or classical NKT cells, appear to have a unique impact on the tumor microenvironment. Considering the characteristics of secreted cytokines, production of chemokines and the capability of cell cytotoxic activity, these cells have a significant function in being immune to bacteria, parasites, viruses, autoimmune and tumor diseases. The profile of secreted cytokine is probably decisive in reference to the distinct functions of the subpopulation, some of them exhibit immunosuppressive activity inhibiting an anticancer immune response, and the other stimulate the organisms for eradicating the tumor. Currently, it has been discovered six fundamental, functionally distinct subpopulations of iNKT cells (NKT1, NKT2, NKT10, NKT17, NKTreg, NKTFH).

ABOUT THE LITERARY SOURCES OF THE EPILOGUE OF THE «WAR AND PEACE» BY L.N. TOLSTOY

В статье рассматривается вопрос о месте и значении эпилога в составе идейно-художественного целого романа Л.Н. Толстого «Война и мир». Указывается на роль литературных источников, оказавших влияние на формирование толстовской концепции и обусловивших тесную связь эпилога с основной частью эпопеи. Особое внимание уделяется анализу параллелей, которые выявляются между образной системой и принципами характерологии Толстого с одной стороны и стилистическими и аксиологическими особенностями «Переписки» Ивана Грозного с Андреем Курбским. Данный памятник ранее не рассматривался как литературный источник творчества Толстого. В статье обосновывается мысль о том, что «Переписка», известная Толстому и упомянутая в эпилоге романа-эпопеи, своим нравственно-психологическим и философско-историческим содержанием была созвучна толстовским размышлениям. Писатель сознательно использовал эту параллель. В контексте «Войны и мира» указание на письма Ивана Грозного приобрело знаковую функцию, тесно связав «историческую» и «художественную» части книги. Воплощенная в «Переписке» Курбского и Грозного «духовная брань» органически вошла в подтекст «Войны и мира», что сближает Л.Н. Толстого с представителями литературы «духовного реализма». The article considers the question of the place and meaning of the epilogue as part of the ideological and artistic whole of L.N. Tolstoy’s novel «War and Peace». The role of literary sources that influenced the formation of Tolstoy’s concept and caused the close connection of the epilogue with the main part of the epic is indicated. Special attention is paid to the analysis of parallels that are revealed between Tolstoy’s figurative system and characterology principles, on the one hand, and the stylistic and axiological features of Ivan the Terrible’s «Correspondence» with Andrei Kurbsky. This monument has not been previously considered as a literary source of Tolstoy’s work. The article substantiates the idea that the «Correspondence», known to Tolstoy and mentioned in the epilogue of the epic novel, was consonant with Tolstoy’s reflections in its moral-psychological and philosophical-historical content. The writer deliberately used this parallel. In the context of the «War and Peace», the reference to the letters of Ivan the Terrible acquired a significant function, closely linking the «historical» and «artistic» parts of the book. The «spiritual warfare» embodied in the «Correspondence» of Kurbsky and Ivan the Terrible organically entered the subtext of the «War and Peace», which brings L.N. Tolstoy closer to the representatives of the literature of «spiritual realism».

A Forgotten Ureteral Stent: Potential Risks for the Urinary Function

A 32-year-old man presented with painless macrohaematuria. An endoscopic stone removal of the upper moiety of a left double kidney with ureter duplex was performed 4 years ago. The inserted ureteral catheter (DJ) was not removed although it was communicated to the patient and written in the discharge report. The DJ led to a large bladder stone, a total incrustation of the DJ, and a staghorn calculus of the upper moiety. Furthermore, renal function scintigraphy showed no clinically significant function of the upper moiety. Therefore, a heminephrectomy was performed with corresponding ureterectomy and sectio alta for bladder stone removal.

A perceptive study on carbon sequestration potential of Acacia catechu in the Mukundara National Park Rajasthan-India

The carbon sequestration potential of an unmanaged and previously unstudied Acacia catechu in the Mukundara National Park Rajasthan, by estimating the total aboveground biomass contained in the forest. It turned into observed that the biomass, above ground comprising of stems, branches, and foliage, holds a total of 200 tons per hectare, foremost to a valued 100 tons of carbon being deposited per hectare aboveground. Acacia species consequently has the potential to play a significant function within the mitigation of climate change. The relation among the biomass, M, of each component (stems, branches, and foliage) and the diameter d, of the plant become also studied, by means of fitting allometric equations of the form M = αdβ. It was observed that all components fit this power law relation very well (R2 > 0.7), chiefly the stems (R2 > 0.8) and branches (R2 > 0.9) for which the relation is found to be almost linear.

Legitimizing Claims of Special Knowledge

A significant function of the category “religion” is demarcating and insulating particular claims of special knowledge — but too often, Religious Studies serves to mystify and defend this function, rather than critically analysing it. Drawing on categories in which claims of special knowledge are central, including Gnosticism, conspiracy theories and esotericism, this paper will look at the history of Religious Studies scholars operating within epistemes which it should be critiquing. Yet a focus on multiple and overlapping knowledges, and competition over epistemic capital, suggests a possible future for the social-scientific study of religion.