Model Petri Net Sistem Pembayaran Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor Jenis 5 Tahun

Paying taxes is an example of public service. In the process of serving, the service is often synonymous with the queuing process. Queuing is a condition in which several people or objects from a waiting line to be served are generally caused by the need for services to exceed the service capacity or service facilities so that users of arriving facilities cannot immediately receive service. Therefore, overcoming many complaints due to queues can be done by improving services and maximizing time efficiency using the Petri net model. In this study, a Petri net model of the 5-year tax payment service system for a motor vehicle at SAMSAT Oku Timur 1 was made as many as 17 places, 15 transitions, two operators, and 30 arcs using WOPED 3.2.0 software.

Multicast Scaling in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks for Security and Time Efficiency

Heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSNs) satisfy researchers' requirements for developing real-world solutions that handle unattended challenges. However, the primary constraint of researchers is the privacy of the sensor nodes. It safeguards the sensor nodes and extensions in the HWSNs. Therefore, it is necessary to develop secure operational systems. Multicast scaling with security and time efficiency is described in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks to maximize network performance while also successfully protecting network privacy. This study evaluates the initial security and time efficiency measures, such as execution time, transmission delay, processing delay, congestion level, and trust measure. Subsequently, the optimal location of the heterogeneous nodes is determined using sigmoid-based fuzzy c-means clustering. Finally, successful cluster routing was achieved via support-value-based particle swarm optimization. The experimental results indicate that the proposed strategy surpasses existing strategies in terms of network delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, throughput, packet delivery, and node remaining energy level.

On Safety and Time Efficiency Enhancement of Robot Navigation in Crowded Environment utilizing Deep Reinforcement Learning

<div>The evolution of social robots has increased with the advent of recent artificial intelligence techniques. Alongside humans, social robots play active roles in various household and industrial applications. However, the safety of humans becomes a significant concern when robots navigate in a complex and crowded environment. In literature, the safety of humans in relation to social robots has been addressed by various methods; however, most of these methods compromise the time efficiency of the robot. For robots, safety and time-efficiency are two contrast elements where one dominates the other. To strike a balance between them, a multi-reward formulation in the reinforcement learning framework is proposed, which improves the safety together with time-efficiency of the robot. The multi-reward formulation includes both positive and negative rewards that encourage and punish the robot, respectively. The proposed reward formulation is tested on state-of-the-art methods of multi-agent navigation. In addition, an ablation study is performed to evaluate the importance of individual rewards. Experimental results signify that the proposed approach balances the safety and the time-efficiency of the robot while navigating in a crowded environment.</div>

On Safety and Time Efficiency Enhancement of Robot Navigation in Crowded Environment utilizing Deep Reinforcement Learning

<div>The evolution of social robots has increased with the advent of recent artificial intelligence techniques. Alongside humans, social robots play active roles in various household and industrial applications. However, the safety of humans becomes a significant concern when robots navigate in a complex and crowded environment. In literature, the safety of humans in relation to social robots has been addressed by various methods; however, most of these methods compromise the time efficiency of the robot. For robots, safety and time-efficiency are two contrast elements where one dominates the other. To strike a balance between them, a multi-reward formulation in the reinforcement learning framework is proposed, which improves the safety together with time-efficiency of the robot. The multi-reward formulation includes both positive and negative rewards that encourage and punish the robot, respectively. The proposed reward formulation is tested on state-of-the-art methods of multi-agent navigation. In addition, an ablation study is performed to evaluate the importance of individual rewards. Experimental results signify that the proposed approach balances the safety and the time-efficiency of the robot while navigating in a crowded environment.</div>

Efektivitas Biro Umum dalam Menjalankan Program E-Surat di Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Kalimantan Barat

The purpose of this research was to find out and analyze the effectiveness of the bureau of general affairs in running the Electronic Letter program at The Regional Secretariat of West Kalimantan Province. This Study uses Gibson et al’s theory of short-term Effectiveness which is seen from production, effieciency, and satisfaction. The method used in this research is qualitative, with descriptive research. The results showed that the effectiveness of bureau of general affairs in running the Electronic Letter program at The Regional Secretariat of West Kalimantan Province already existed but was not optimal. The effectiveness of the bureau of general affairs in running the Electronic Letter program has not been effective, due to, namely a) production; which consists of incoming letter service, mail disposition information services, letter numbering service have been running according to the stages even more efficient when viewed from the previous system, but not yet optimal. This is evidenced by the internet network that is still experience problems, employees or admins who are still experiening human error, and limited facilities and infrastructure; b) effieciency; which consists of time efficiency, service cost efficiency and service procedure effieciency, in terms of efficiency both internal and external parties state that it is quite optimal because the service is faster and more efficient but still needs to be improved; c) satisfaction; internal parties feel they are quite satisfied even though they are not optimal because there are still problems in the production section, but external parties are not satisfied this is because there are parties who are still having trouble tracking the whereabouts of the letter. The recommendations of this research are: 1) changing the mindset of employees gradually by increasing socialization related to the Electronic Letter program and increasing the motivation of each employee by building good relations between employees within the The Regional Secretariat of West Kalimantan Province; 2) involving all OPD (regional device organizations) to use the Electronic Letter application; 3) the provision of good facilities and infrastructure. Keywords: Effectiveness, The Electronic Letter Program, Bureau of General Affairs

High-Security Image Encryption Based on a Novel Simple Fractional-Order Memristive Chaotic System with a Single Unstable Equilibrium Point

Fractional-order chaotic systems have more complex dynamics than integer-order chaotic systems. Thus, investigating fractional chaotic systems for the creation of image cryptosystems has been popular recently. In this article, a fractional-order memristor has been developed, tested, numerically analyzed, electronically realized, and digitally implemented. Consequently, a novel simple three-dimensional (3D) fractional-order memristive chaotic system with a single unstable equilibrium point is proposed based on this memristor. This fractional-order memristor is connected in parallel with a parallel capacitor and inductor for constructing the novel fractional-order memristive chaotic system. The system’s nonlinear dynamic characteristics have been studied both analytically and numerically. To demonstrate the chaos behavior in this new system, various methods such as equilibrium points, phase portraits of chaotic attractor, bifurcation diagrams, and Lyapunov exponent are investigated. Furthermore, the proposed fractional-order memristive chaotic system was implemented using a microcontroller (Arduino Due) to demonstrate its digital applicability in real-world applications. Then, in the application field of these systems, based on the chaotic behavior of the memristive model, an encryption approach is applied for grayscale original image encryption. To increase the encryption algorithm pirate anti-attack robustness, every pixel value is included in the secret key. The state variable’s initial conditions, the parameters, and the fractional-order derivative values of the memristive chaotic system are used for contracting the keyspace of that applied cryptosystem. In order to prove the security strength of the employed encryption approach, the cryptanalysis metric tests are shown in detail through histogram analysis, keyspace analysis, key sensitivity, correlation coefficients, entropy analysis, time efficiency analysis, and comparisons with the same fieldwork. Finally, images with different sizes have been encrypted and decrypted, in order to verify the capability of the employed encryption approach for encrypting different sizes of images. The common cryptanalysis metrics values are obtained as keyspace = 2648, NPCR = 0.99866, UACI = 0.49963, H(s) = 7.9993, and time efficiency = 0.3 s. The obtained numerical simulation results and the security metrics investigations demonstrate the accuracy, high-level security, and time efficiency of the used cryptosystem which exhibits high robustness against different types of pirate attacks.

Time efficiency and reliability of established computed tomographic obstruction scores in patients with acute pulmonary embolism

Objective Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening disease with a high mortality. Computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is used in clinical routine for diagnosis of PE. Many pulmonary obstruction scores were proposed to aid in stratifying clinical course of PE. The purpose of the present study was to compare common pulmonary obstruction scores in PE in regard of time efficiency and interreader agreement based upon a representative patient sample. Methods Overall, 50 patients with acute PE were included in this single center, retrospective analysis. Two readers scored the CT images blinded to each other and assessed the scores proposed by Mastora et al., Qanadli et al., Ghanima et al. and Kirchner et al. The required time was assessed of each reading for scoring. Results For reader 1, Mastora score took the longest time duration, followed by Kirchner score, Qanadli score and finally Ghanima score (every test, p<0.0001). The interreader variability was excellent for all scores with no significant differences between them. In the Spearman’s correlation analysis strong correlations were identified between the scores of Mastora, Qanadli and Kirchner, whereas Ghanima score was only moderately correlated with the other scores. There was a weak correlation between time duration and Mastora score (r = 0.35, p = 0.014). For the Ghanima score, a significant inverse correlation was found (r = -0.67, p<0.0001). Conclusion For the investigated obstruction scores, there are significant differences in regard of time consumption with no relevant differences in regard of interreader variability in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Mastora score requires the most time effort, whereas the score by Ghanima the least time.

Medical image encryption algorithm based on a new five-dimensional three-leaf chaotic system and genetic operation

Current image encryption methods have many shortcomings for the medical image encryption with high resolution, strong correlation and large storage space, and it is difficult to obtain reliable clinically applicable medical images. Therefore, this paper proposes a medical image encryption algorithm based on a new five-dimensional three-leaf chaotic system and genetic operation. And the dynamic analysis of the phase diagram and bifurcation diagram of the five-dimensional three-leaf chaotic system selected in this paper is carried out, and NIST is used to test the randomness of its chaotic sequence. This algorithm follows the diffusion-scrambling framework, especially using the principle of DNA recombination combined with the five-dimensional three-leaf chaotic system to generate a chaotic matrix that participates in the operation. The bit-level DNA mutation operation is introduced in the diffusion, and the scrambling and diffusion effects have been further improved. Algorithm security and randomness have been enhanced. This paper evaluates the efficiency of this algorithm for medical image encryption in terms of security analysis and time performance. Security analysis is carried out from key space, information entropy, histogram, similarity between decrypted image and original image, PSNR, correlation, sensitivity, noise attack, cropping attack and so on. Perform time efficiency analysis from the perspective of time performance. The comparison between this algorithm and the experimental results obtained by some of the latest medical image encryption algorithms shows that this algorithm is superior to the existing medical image encryption algorithms to a certain extent in terms of security and time efficiency.

Train Dwell Time Efficiency Evaluation with Data Envelopment Analysis: Case Study of London Underground Victoria Line

Train dwell time is a complicated component and depends on many factors. One of the dominant factors is passenger volume. This study used actual train movement data and passenger demand data from London Underground, UK, to estimate the number of passengers and train dwell times at each station, and then evaluated train dwell times from a different perspective. Considering the various characteristics of stations, it is complicated to evaluate dwell time. Therefore, data envelopment analysis (DEA) was introduced to evaluate the dwell time at each station in relation to passenger volume at that station. The study investigated whether the dwell time spent at stations is efficient when considering the number of passengers that the stations can serve. The results showed that, in low-passenger-volume stations, the dwell time efficiency score is low and increases relative to the increase in passenger volume. For high-passenger-volume stations, interactions between passengers are more relevant and have a strong influence on dwell time. Passenger movement direction is a key factor to classify stations. This research proposes that stations should be classified according to their characteristics, and points out the challenge at any station with the same characteristics as Victoria station which has high passenger volume with bi-directional flow, and where trains arriving are crowded. This characteristic would result in high interactions between passengers, thus making a long dwell time. The station has to handle high passenger volume and also has to keep the dwell time within the threshold.