Nutrient variability of rice landraces (Oryza sativa L.) from Manipur, Northeast India and its nutrients supply potential in rice-based diets

Purpose Rice landraces are essential for supplying beneficial traits for developing improved rice varieties with better nutritional quality. Nevertheless, in a yield-driven environment, grain nutritional quality has been ignored especially that of rice landraces. Given this, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the content and nutritional variability of rice landraces from Manipur. Design/methodology/approach Thirty-three most popular rice landraces were collected as dry paddy samples from Manipur and transported to the National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, by air. All the paddy samples were processed and analyzed for 35 nutrient parameters using standard methodologies. Findings The mean nutrient content of Nagaland brown rice was: protein 7.5 ± 0.8, fat 3.0 ± 0.3, TDF 5.5 ± 0.4 and ash 1.2 ± 0.2 g/100g. The range of water soluble-vitamin content in mg/100g, was 0.1–0.43 for Thiamine and for Niacin 2.1–3.5, while the content in µg/100g was 40–64 for Riboflavin, 0.5–3.9 for Pantothenic acid and 20–118 for Pyridoxine. A relatively large coefficient of variation was observed for iron (25%), manganese (28%), copper (32%), calcium (13%) and phosphorus (11%). Manipur rice landraces have significantly higher total dietary fiber and lower phytate contents than modern varieties. Milling led to steep losses of nutrients, and limiting to 5% milling substantially improves nutrient retention in milled rice. Research limitations/implications Future nutrition interventions should use rice with superior nutrient quality to improve nutrient intakes. Manipur rice landraces conserved over generations can broaden the genetic base of breeding stocks especially in the face of climate change. Originality/value The paper presents comprehensive nutritional data of 33 rice landraces from the state of Manipur, India. The results indicate large nutrient variability even within these 33 rice landraces with important traits such as high total dietary fiber and low phytate contents. The study highlights the importance of conserving the existing rich genetic material of Manipur rice landraces to develop varieties that combine higher yields with stress tolerance and superior grain nutritional value to improve the food and nutrient security.

Climatological distribution of dissolved inorganic nutrients in the western Mediterranean Sea (1981–2017)

The Western MEDiterranean Sea BioGeochemical Climatology (BGC-WMED, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.930447) (Belgacem et al., 2021) presented here is a product derived from quality-controlled in situ observations. Annual mean gridded nutrient fields for the period 1981–2017 and its sub-periods 1981–2004 and 2005–2017 on a horizontal 1/4∘ × 1/4∘ grid have been produced. The biogeochemical climatology is built on 19 depth levels and for the dissolved inorganic nutrients nitrate, phosphate and orthosilicate. To generate smooth and homogeneous interpolated fields, the method of the variational inverse model (VIM) was applied. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to assess the comparability of the data product with the observational data. The BGC-WMED was then compared to other available data products, i.e., the MedBFM biogeochemical reanalysis of the Mediterranean Sea and the World Ocean Atlas 2018 (WOA18) (its biogeochemical part). The new product reproduces common features with more detailed patterns and agrees with previous records. This suggests a good reference for the region and for the scientific community for the understanding of inorganic nutrient variability in the western Mediterranean Sea, in space and in time, but our new climatology can also be used to validate numerical simulations, making it a reference data product.

Climatological distribution of dissolved inorganic nutrients in the Western Mediterranean Sea (1981–2017)

The Western MEDiterranean Sea BioGeochemical Climatology (BGC-WMED) presented here is a product derived from in situ observations. Annual mean gridded nutrient fields for the period 1981–2017, and its sub-periods 1981–2004 and 2005–2017, on a horizontal 1/4° × 1/4° grid have been produced. The biogeochemical climatology is built on 19 depth levels and for the dissolved inorganic nutrients nitrate, phosphate and orthosilicate. To generate smooth and homogeneous interpolated fields, the method of the Variational Inverse Model (VIM) was applied. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to assess the comparability of the data product with the observational data. The BGC-WMED has then been compared to other available data products, i.e. the medBFM biogeochemical reanalysis of the Mediterranean Sea and the World Ocean Atlas18 (WOA18) (its biogeochemical part). The BGC-WMED product supports the understanding of inorganic nutrient variability in the western Mediterranean Sea, in space and in time, but can also be used to validate numerical simulations making it a reference data product.

Interaction of chemical attributes of an Red Oxisol in the brazilian Savannah cultivated with soy under two management systems

Soil compaction and nutrient accumulation on the surface have been a major problem. Soil scarification can alter nutrient variability due to partial soil mobilization. This research aimed to evaluate by multivariate techniques the main chemical attributes of the soil that best relate to soybean yield and production components. The experiment was performed in a dystrophic Red Oxisol, in the agricultural year of 2015/16, in Savannah area located in the Selvíria County, MS, Brazil. The experiment consisted of two cultivated areas, one under no-tillage system (NTS) implemented 13 years ago and another in minimum cultivation system scarified (MCSS). Were evaluated: population of plants, first pod insertion height, plant height, the number of pods per plant, grain per plant, grain per pod, the weight of 100 grains, grain yield and soil chemical attributes. Soybean yield was higher in NTS when compared to MCSS scarified. The values of pH, calcium content, magnesium and phosphorus in the layer of 0-0.10 m, as well as the content of K in 0.10-0.20 m, are the attributes that most contributed to the increase of soybean productivity in NTS and MCSS.