ANALYSIS OF EDUCATION MANAGEMENT POLICIES IN THE STANDARD FIELD OF FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE IN INDONESIAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS

<p>The purpose of this article is to know the management and policies based on the regulation of the Minister of National Education of the Republic of Indonesia No. 24 of 2007 relating to facilities and infrastructure for elementary schools. The method used is a literature study because it evaluates Indonesian education standards, particularly facilities and infrastructure in elementary schools. The results showed that the standard of facilities and infrastructure was still categorized as low because schools with complete facilities were only for schools with good accreditation; conversely, schools with good accreditation did not have complete facilities. The geographic area is the influence of each school. The geographic area of each school influences each school’s geographic area for the standard of financing for facilities and infrastructure in elementary schools.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0520/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Taking out the Trash: On Excavating Settlements in General, and Houses of the Battle Axe Culture in Particular

Archaeological interpretation rests partly on theory and partly on material remains, and changes in field methods can cause major changes in both areas. Longhouses were virtually unknown on mainland Sweden until the introduction of the excavator machine in the late 1970s. However, this method is biased in that the cultural practice of some periods is favoured at the expense of others. From the Battle Axe culture very few houses and artcfacts have been found, and it has bcen suggested the sitcs were not true settlements. This vicw is challenged by showing that taphonomic processes and cultural practice combine to make this period difficult to identify using the standard field method. Paradoxically, some other periods have no more remains and/or house structures than the Battle Axe period has, but they are not subjected to the same debate. Comparison with Corded Ware sites in Europe provides support for the argument that the scarcity of Battle Axe settlements is mainly due to taphonomic processes. Thc article calls for more reflective field methods on all prehistoric settlements.

Linked Method of Open Government Data by Datasets Oriented

In order to make public data more useful, it is necessary to provide relevant data sets that meet the needs of users. We introduce the method of linkage between datasets. We provide a method for deriving linkages between fields of structured datasets provided by public data portals. We defined a dataset and connectivity between datasets. The connectivity between them is based on the metadata of the dataset and the linkage between the actual data field names and values. We constructed the standard field names. Based on this standard, we established the relationship between the datasets. This paper covers 31,692 structured datasets (as of May 31, 2020) among the public data portal datasets. We extracted 1,185,846 field names from over 30,000 datasets. We extracted 1,185,846 field names from over 30,000 datasets. As a result of analyzing the field names, the field names related to spatial information were the most common at 35%. This paper verified the method of deriving the relation between data sets, focusing on the field names classified as spatial information. For this reason, we have defined spatial standard field names. To derive similar field names, we extracted related field names into spaces such as locations, coordinates, addresses, and zip codes used in public datasets. The standard field name of spatial information was designed and derived 43% cooperation rate of 31,692 datasets. In the future, we plan to apply similar field names additionally to improve the data set cooperation rate of the spatial information standard.

Assessment of ct simulators used in radiotherapy treatment planning in Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina

The purpose of this work was to evaluate computed tomography (CT) simulators used in radiotherapy treatment planning in Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. A survey of quality assurance programmes of 24 CT simulators in 16 facilities was conducted. Dedicated CT-to-ED phantom was scanned at 120 kV and 140 kV, to obtain CT-to-ED (ED- Electron Density) conversion curves as well as CTDIvol. Thoracal phantoms were scanned in standard and extended field of view to evaluate dosimetric effect on treatment planning and delivery. Mean age of measured scanners was 5.5 years. The mean water HU value was -6.5 (all scanners, all voltages) and air HU value was -997. Extended field of view CT data differ from standard field of view and differences between conversion curves have significant dosimetric impact. The CTDI data showed large range of values between centers. Better QA of CT simulators in all countries is recommended. CT-to-ED curve could be used as default at one voltage and per manufacturer. Extended field of view imaging can be used, but treatment planning should be avoided in the regions out of standard field of view.

Method for Estimation of Reflection on Fiber Optic Connection Based on Analysis of Images of End Surfaces of Ferrule Connectors

This work presents an alternative method for evaluating the reflection coefficient at a detachable connection of single-mode optical fibers based on the results of the analysis of images of the contaminated end surface of the ferrule of a pair of connectors of the studied joint, obtained with a standard field set of video diagnostics of the state of fiber-optic connectors. The results of experimental verification of the proposed method are presented, which have demonstrated the potential of its use in practical applications of "contactless" determination of the reflection coefficient on a fiber-optic connector.

Response to Kozlov et al.: Inaccurate estimation of biases in herbarium specimen data

SummaryKozlov and colleagues1 call into question the application of herbarium specimens to quantify historical patterns of herbivory2–5. It is already widely appreciated that collectors of herbarium specimens may tend to avoid insect damage, thus making herbivory estimates from herbarium specimens potentially down-biased2. However, Kozlov et al. additionally suggest that variation in sampling selectivity among collectors may misrepresent patterns of herbivory in nature. The authors sought to quantify these biases by collecting and contrasting insect herbivory data across 17 plant species from herbarium versus standard field ecological sampling procedures. They concluded that herbivory estimates from herbarium specimens are highly variable, rendering them an inaccurate representation of herbivory in nature. Our re-analysis of Kozlov et al.’s data, in contrast, reveals that herbarium specimens indeed provide a useful record of these symbioses. We demonstrate that Kozlov et al. were misled by analyzing comparisons derived from very few samples, which provide highly noisy estimates.