Productive employment and labor productivity as a condition for implementation of the concept of decent work

The article considers the basic conditions for the implementation for the provisions of decent work as productive employment and labor productivity. Man is the main value of social and labor relations. Global transformations, changes in the social and labor sphere require a rethinking the rules of labor law in accordance with the provisions of decent work, which provide for labor productivity in conditions of freedom, equality, security and respect for human dignity, safety at workplace, social protection of workers, fair earnings, equal attitudes and equal opportunities for everyone. The study concludes that, firstly, productive employment is an external form of implementation of the provisions of decent work, which depends on the state and government agencies that implement social policy. The state creates the starting conditions which allow individuals to be realized, benefiting both the society and the state. Secondly, labor productivity reflects the internal content of the concept of decent work, individual (own) needs of the employee and is realized through the main factors which include: material and technical (promoting the technical progress of the organization and employees); organizational and economic (streamlining of labor organization, optimization of the number of managers and employees); socio-psychological (creating the necessary motivation for the employee). An important motivational factor for the employee is establishing a normal psychological climate in the team, which affects labor productivity and means: non-discrimination; fair, loyal attitude to the employee taking into account professional abilities and benefits in the overall process; proportionality in realism of the set goals and the ability to achieve them; creation of disciplinary guidelines or general rules of functioning of the organization with provisions on stimulation of positive behavior by encouraging methods.

REGIONAL LABOR MARKET: PROBLEMS OF EMPLOYMENT OF YOUTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEW FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT

The article examines the main problems of the growth of productive employment at the level of the country and region. In particular, the tendency of regional differences in the structure of employment and the dynamics of wages was revealed. The main factors that prevent young people from taking a position in society adequate to the modern type of economic development are analyzed. In the Republic of Mordovia, data have been investigated that make it possible to judge the low attractiveness of the region's employment for young people, which contributes to the outflow of the most qualified personnel to other regions. Certain recommendations are proposed in the field of increasing employment, including the development of nonstandard forms of employment.

Empowering business education students for decent work and productive employment: Nigeria example

The prevailing occurrences of social, economic and environmental challenges have created enormous responsibility for the education sector towards achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs 2030) in developing nations. Therefore, this study was carried out to examine the extent students of business education have been empowered for decent work and productive employment for all through proper awareness and innovative instructional strategies. The study adopts a descriptive survey design and formulated relevant research questions and hypotheses. A sample of 159 final-year students of Business Education at federal and state colleges of education in Lagos, Nigeria, were selected from the population using random, purposive and stratified sampling techniques. The research instrument used was a structured questionnaire. The internal consistency of the research instrument using Cronbach’s alpha correlation coefficient yielded an average index of 0.76. The statistical tools used for analysing the data for research questions and hypotheses are mean and t-test, respectively, at a 0.05 level of significance. The study found that innovative instructional strategies for decent work and productive employment for all were not practically employed. In addition, students lacked proper orientation about the SDGs 2030. Review of curriculum content and the instructional strategies are parts of the recommendations. Keywords: Business education students, instructional strategies, decent work, productive employment, orientation.

KEY ELEMENTS OF THE STATE MECHANISM OF LABOR MARKET REGULATION IN THE CONTEXT OF PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT

Ensuring productive employment in Ukraine is associated with solving a number of important tasks: achieving sustainable functioning of the economic system and strengthening the competitiveness of the state, improving the level and quality of life, effective use of labor potential and sustainable functioning of social protection. Their solution requires the system of state regulation of the labor market to review the dominant views on state influence on the development and functioning of the labor market, modernize the mechanism of interaction of its structural elements, build a qualitatively new management system, transform labor relations. The need to find new approaches to solving the problems of labor market development and the formation of a better mechanism for its regulation in Ukraine is due to changes in the economy, lack of clear and balanced employment policy, the accumulation of serious problems in the workplace and changing the content, nature and structure of employment under the influence of modern world trends. The latest requirements and challenges of modern economic crises require the development of new adaptation mechanisms in the labor market, which require all labor market institutions to achieve their own goals and implement tools to create favorable conditions for productive employment. The article substantiates the decisive role of state regulation in ensuring productive employment and demonstrates the structure of the mechanism of state regulation of the labor market, which allowed to present it as a set of interconnected elements that ensure effective functioning of a balanced and inclusive labor market and achieving productive employment through special tools, methods and levers of influence. The basic principles of forming a modern mechanism are outlined, which play the role of methodological guidelines and reveal the content and requirements for the main actors of the labor market. The main directions of state regulation of the domestic labor market to minimize risks in the labor sphere and create favorable conditions for productive employment are proposed.

The ‘Degree of Fit' English Training Program for the Madarsa Community in India

Madrasa teachers working in marginalized institutions get training, but this training is not commensurate with the level of learning crisis they face. They are victims of both 'teaching and training poverty'. This actually explains for their inability to understand English and to impart training in foundational English Language skills: literacy, numeracy, digital, and transferable skills. Unable to find opportunities for acquiring these skills, Madrasa teachers are not able to connect themselves with the mainstream education and therefore miss opportunities for productive employment. The impact of 'learning and training poverty' on the morale of the Madrasa teachers is well established as they miss opportunities normally linked with their disadvantaged conditions, yet their religious sentiment remains a significant concern. In view of these, the chapter looks at the possibility of a ‘degree of fit' English training program so as to focus on Madrasa mainstreaming with a view to building more spaces for training-employment connectivity.

Supporting Youth Employment through Vocational Training Programs in Nepal

The effect of globalization on human capital development is decisive. A country that lacks the means to compete in global market is often left behind. A key contributor in this regard is the knowledge, skills and positive attitude of the workforce. Education and skills therefore are the driving forces of social development and economic growth of any country. The first Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) is to end poverty in all forms by 2030 and for that there is major focus on education and productive employment. SDG-4 focuses on people's access to modern and quality education, which also indicates the need of vocational education and trainings. Similarly, the SDG-8 is to promote sustained economic growth, higher levels of productivity and technological innovation which indicated the need of TVET for productive employment and economic growth. Therefore, employment level of the working age group people, its composition and the growth in employment opportunities appeared as the critical indicator of the development process in any economy. The present paper attempts to highlight the positive effects that was contributed by the Vocational Education and Training (VET) programs in socio-economic development of large number of disadvantaged and unemployed population of Nepal. Primary data and information collected from the purposively sampled respondents- 405 VET graduates who after training are employed in their occupational sector. The study including field observation was conducted in 2016 to obtain qualitative information that helps to establish the relationship between vocational training and employment of the trained youth. The finding of this study revealed that VET plays positive role in employment and income growth. However, it concludes with the recommendation that the participants need post training support to become a functional VET and to get a sustainable and decent employment in the labor market.

Public investment and inclusive growth in Africa

PurposeThe increasing debate on the viability of broad-based productive employment in stimulating the participatory tendencies of growth makes it instructive to inquire how the African “Big Five” have fared in their quests to ensure growth inclusiveness through public investment-led fiscal policy.Design/methodology/approachTime varying structures and nonlinearities in the government investment series are captured through the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag, asymmetric impulse responses and variance decomposition estimation techniques.FindingsStudy findings show that positive investment shocks stimulate growth inclusiveness by enabling access to opportunities through job creation and productive employment for the populace; this result is evident for Morocco and Algeria. However, there is a non-negligible evidence that shocks due to decline in the government investment manifest in insufficient capital stocks and limited investment opportunities, impede access to opportunities by the populace, hinder labour employability and make growth less inclusive. Furthermore, all short-run findings corroborate long-run results regarding the reaction of inclusive growth to positive investment shocks with the exclusion of South Africa; which, unlike its long-run finding, shows that shocks due to increases in investment can foster growth inclusiveness. Also, in respect to short-run negative investment shocks, Nigeria is the only country that does not align its long-run findings.Practical implicationsThat public investment shocks make or mar inclusive growth effectiveness shows the need for appropriate fiscal policy consolidation and automatic stabilization guidelines to ensure buffers against shocks and to enhance government investment generation efficiency for a sustainable inclusive growth process that is more participatory in Africa.Originality/valueThis study is the first to accommodate possibilities of shocks in the inclusivity of growth analysis for the five biggest African economies which jointly account for over half of the recorded growth in the continent. As such, there is quantitative evidence that government investment is a potent determinant of growth inclusiveness and it is susceptible to structural changes and time variation of shocks.