Spark Plug Simulation with the Use of Three Types of Fuels in Direct Injection Engines for the Evaluation of Polluting Factors

The present work has as main objective the use of a biofuel (Ecopaís) in a direct injection vehicle, it is an option to reduce damage to health and the environment, for this a static thermal simulation will be done in the spark plug, to compare the results of the aforementioned software using On Board tests, in a 1500 cc engine. The measurements of the emission factors of CO, HC and NOx gases will be considered in a route established in the city of Quito from 2399 to 2870 meters above sea level. The interaction of the element is carried out in the ANSYS Academic program which is 14977 nodes and 7523 elements to be studied with automatic meshing, obtaining that the Ecopaís and Ecopaís + Ferox fuels have the highest heat flow with a 5% divergence compared to the Extra fuel + Ferox. There is a significant reduction in pollutant emissions of 3% of CO with the use of Ecopaís in comparison to Extra + Ferox fuel, in the case of HC, Ecopaís and Ecopaís + Ferox fuels with 3% lower emissions compared to Extra fuel + Ferox, and in NOx, fuels that have Extra + Ferox and Ecopaís + Ferox solid additives are 3 and 3.5% lower compared to Ecopaís fuel, respectively. Keywords: biofuel, termal, on board, ferox, emission factors. Resumen El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamental la utilización de un biocombustible (Ecopaís) en un vehículo de inyección directa, es una opción para disminuir daños a la salud y al medio ambiente, para ello se hará una simulación térmica estática en la bujía de encendido, para comparar los resultados del mencionado software mediante pruebas On Board, en un motor de 1500 cc. Las mediciones de los factores de emisión de gases de CO, HC y NOx, se contemplará en una ruta establecida en la ciudad de Quito de 2399 hasta 2870 m.s.n.m. La interacción del elemento se realiza en el programa ANSYS Academic que es de 14977 nodos y 7523 elementos a estudiar con el mallado automático, obteniendo que los combustibles Ecopaís y Ecopaís+Ferox tienen el mayor flujo de calor con una divergencia del 5% en comparación del combustible Extra + Ferox. Se evidencia una reducción significativa de emisiones contaminantes del 2.5% del CO con el uso del Ecopaís en comparación del combustible Extra + Ferox, en el caso de HC los combustibles Ecopaís y Ecopaís + Ferox con un 1% menor en emisiones en comparación al combustible Extra + Ferox, y en el NOx los combustibles que tienen aditivo sólido Extra+Ferox y Ecopaís+Ferox son menores en un 6 y 4% con respecto al combustible Ecopaís respectivamente. Palabras clave: biocombustible, térmica, on board, ferox, factores de emisiones.

A wall-adapted zonal URANS/LES methodology for the scale-resolving simulation of engine flows

In the present paper, a comprehensive, wall-adapted zonal URANS/LES methodology is shown for the multidimensional simulation of modern direct-injection engines. This work is the latest update of a zonal hybrid turbulence modeling approach, specifically developed by the authors for a flexible description of in-cylinder turbulent flow features with an optimal balance between computational costs and accuracy. Compared to the previous developments, a specific near-wall treatment is added, in order to preserve full-URANS behavior in the first near-wall cells, having in mind typically available mesh resolution in this part of the fluid domain. The updated methodology is applied to the multi-cycle simulation of a reference single-cylinder optical engine, which features a twin-cam, overhead-valve pent-roof cylinder head, and is representative of the current generation of spark-ignited direct-injection thermal power units. Results based on phase-specific flow field statistics and synthetic quality indices demonstrate the consistency and effectiveness of the proposed methodology, which is then qualified as a suitable candidate for affordable scale-resolving analyses of cycle to cycle variability (CCV) phenomena in direct-injection engines.

Ewolucja metod oceny szkodliwych osadów silnikowych powodowanych spalaniem benzyn

The article describes the threat posed by deposits harmful to the proper functioning of spark ignition engines. The areas of indirect and direct injection engines where the most dangerous deposits form are indicated. The factors having significant influence on the occurrence of this unfavourable phenomenon were collected and analyzed. Consequently, a simplified classification of factors influencing the formation of harmful deposits in direct and indirect injection spark ignition engines was made. In the research part of the project, a comparative study of the tendency of gasolines of different composition and physicochemical properties to form deposits was carried out. The criterion for evaluating the detergent properties of gasolines was the tendency to form deposits on intake valves in the case of indirect injection engine and on the injector in the case of direct injection engine. For this purpose, the previously widely used test procedure CEC F-05-93 relating to deposits formed on intake valves in SI indirect injection engines and the latest test procedure CEC F-113-KC relating to the most harmful deposits formed in injectors of DISI (Direct Injection Spark Ignition) engines were used. The purpose of the comparative study conducted was to determine if there was any relatively simple, identifiable relationship between the results of gasoline detergent property evaluations obtained at engine test sites differing in test engine generations, methods of conducting the evaluations, and type of engine deposits formed. As a result, no correlations were found between the testable engine sludge tendency results obtained from tests using the CEC F-05-93 and CEC F-113-KC procedures. Therefore, knowing the evaluation of gasoline conducted according to one of the above mentioned test procedures, one cannot conclude, predict or estimate the evaluation that will be obtained according to the other test procedure. Therefore, the results obtained according to one of the procedures do not allow extrapolation and evaluation of gasoline in terms of tendency to form harmful engine deposits according to the other procedure.