DISABLED STUDENTS’ COPING STRATEGIES AS A FACTOR OF THEIR SELF-REALIZATION

The article presents the empirical research on coping strategies of students studying in integrated groups and the strategies with self-realization. The research purpose was to study the features of self-realization characteristic for students in the integrated educational environment by examining of the structure of their coping strategies, their correlations with self-realization and the predictors of self-actualization. The following methods were used: Folkman and Lazarus' Ways of Coping Questionnaire (adapted by L.I. Vasserman); E. Shostrom’s Personal Orientation Inventory, modified by, A. Lazukin, N. Kalina; the methods for data processing and interpretation: quantitative and qualitative analysis (factor, correlation, regression analyses). We have revealed differences in the factor structure of coping strategies characteristic for disabled students and relatively healthy students. Thus, there are correlations between an individual’s coping strategies and self-realization. The success of disabled students’ self-realization is determined by their ability to use social support (informational, emotional, effective), their rational approach to problem solving, self-regulation, cognitive avoidance of difficult situations. The success of relatively healthy students’ self-realization is determined by their rational approach to problem solving, positive reassessment of a problem and its inclusion into the context of personal development.

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL BASIS OF STUDENTS’ SELF-REALIZATION AT THE INTEGRATED EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

In the space of modern Ukrainian higher education, the tasks of vocational training development and improvement, integration and creating conditions for disabled students’ creative self-realization become really important. In order to create the structure of adapted environment at universities and to promote personal and professional development of all participants at the integrated educational environment, a comprehensive psychological study of the psychological foundations of students' personal self-realization should be done. The research objective: to study psychological characteristics of students’ self-realization studied at integrated groups with investigation of disabled students’ self-attitudes and their correlations with self-actualization, meaningful life orientations and psychological hardiness. Research methods: the test-questionnaire of self-attitudes (S. Pantileev, V. Stolin); Shostrom's Personal Orientation Inventory in adaptation N. Kalin, A.Lazukin; the Test of Meaningful Life Orientation of D.L.Leontev; S.Maddi's Hardiness Scale in adaptation of D.Leontiev, Ye.I. Raskasova; the methods of statistical analysis for empirical data: comparative analysis of average indicators, correlation analysis. The performed empirical study revealed such psychological characteristics of disabled students’ self-attitudes as unrealistic ideas about themselves, their abilities and skills, a tendency to self-blame, low level of self-understanding, which can become obstacles to their effective self-realization. The success of students' self-realization in the integrated educational environment of universities is provided by their internal resources: positive self-attitude, awareness of goals, meanings in life, strength and stability of Self, cooperation with other people, society as a whole.

Исследование взаимосвязи принятия агрессии и эмоционального интеллекта

Введение. В работе проведено исследование способности к принятию агрессии (Э. Шостром), которая может проявляться как признание за собой или за другим человеком права на выражение несогласия с чьей-либо точкой зрения, позицией, а также недовольства каким-либо обстоятельством, фактом, или прямого выражения отрицательных эмоций. Способность к принятию агрессии выступает как одна из составляющих способности личности к самоактуализации, не позволяя накапливаться негативным эмоциям. Новизна исследования состоит в том, что способность к принятию агрессии рассматривается в нем во взаимосвязи с параметрами эмоционального интеллекта. Методы. В работе использовались опросник эмоционального интеллекта «ЭмИн» Д. В. Люсина и самоактуализационный тест САТ (русскоязычная адаптация опросника личностных ориентаций Э. Шострома POI (Personal Orientation Inventory), выполненная Ю. Е. Алешиной, Л. Я. Гозман, М. В. Загика и М. В. Кроз. В исследовании приняли участие 53 человека в возрасте от 21 до 37 лет, проживающие на Юге России (Ростов-на-Дону) и работающие в сфере, где результативность работы определяется эффективностью контактов с людьми, в сфере менеджмента продаж. Результаты. В результате проведенного исследования получено, что выраженность у менеджеров таких характеристик эмоционального интеллекта, как «межличностное понимание» и «внутриличностное понимание», оказывает положительное влияние на эффективность управленческой деятельности, что свидетельствует о том, что эффективность деятельности руководителя зависит от выраженности у него способности распознать и понять причины собственных эмоций и, кроме того, правильно и своевременно оценить эмоциональное состояние других людей. Обсуждение результатов. В статье показано, что такая составляющая самоактуализации, как способность к принятию агрессии, взаимосвязана с эмоциональным интеллектом таким образом, что высокому уровню способности к принятию агрессии соответствует более высокая выраженность таких показателей эмоционального интеллекта, как управление эмоциями и межличностный эмоциональный интеллект.

Autoactualización gerencial, satisfacción laboral y productividad: un estudio correlacional en empresas del Bajío

Se estudia la relación entre el nivel de Autoactualización (madurez o desarrollo personal) de supervisores, gerentes o empresarios en dieciséis empresas (PYMES) de calzado de la ciudad de León, con los niveles de Satisfacción Laboral y la productividad. En general se aprecia que existe un nivel medio de satisfacción laboral en casi todas las empresas abordadas, así como perfiles del POI (Personal Orientation Inventory) con niveles abajo del promedio estándar de Autoactualización en los supervisores; se encontraron correlaciones entre la mayoría de escalas del POI (nivel de desarrollo personal del empresario o supervisor), e ítems de SL (encuesta de satisfacción laboral), especialmente los relacionados con el binomio jefe-subordinado. También se encontraron correlaciones significativas en tres de los cuatro indicadores de productividad considerados para este estudio con la SL.

Psychological wellness constructs: relationships and group differences

The objective of the study was to examine the relationships between several constructs that were hypothesised to be components underlying psychological wellness and to establish whether there were differences between managerial and non-managerial groups or between Black and White groups in respect of the wellness variables. The Personal Orientation Inventory (POI), Locus of Control Inventory (LOC), Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC), and the Bar-On EQ-I were administered to a random sample of 200 employees of a financial services company. Statistically significant differences were found between the groups on several of the wellness variables with the manager and White groups obtaining higher scores on these variables than their comparison groups. However, in respect of External Locus of Control, the non-manager and Black groups obtained the higher scores. Factor analytic results demonstrated that the wellness variables clustered in two correlated factors (r = 0,43) labeled psychological wellness and self-actualisation.

The evaluation of a self-development programme for managers in a corporate pharmacy group

Changes that impact on organisations require of managers to accept responsibility for their self-development to remain effective. The aim of this research was to evaluate a self-development programme for managers in a corporate pharmacy group. A two-group true experimental design with pre-, post, and post-post testing was used. A total of 35 managers were randomly divided into an experimental (n = 18) and control group (n = 17). The following measuring instruments were used for the evaluation of the programme: The Personal Orientation Inventory, the Generalised Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale, the COPE-Questionnaire and a knowledge test. The results showed that participants showed higher Synergy and Feeling reflection and greater self-efficacy following the self-development programme.

Facilitation skills for nurses

Using the pcrson-centered approach, facilitation in this study was conceptualised as providing opportunities for personal growth in the patient, and operationalised in a skills workshop for 40 nurses from different hospitals in Gauteng. The first objective was to evaluate the workshop and the second to ascertain its effect on the participant’s experienced performance. A combined quantitative and qualitative research design was used. The quantitative measurement (Personal Orientation Inventory, Carkhuff scales) indicated that the workshop stimulated self-actualisation in terms of intrapersonal awareness, and the interpersonal skills of respect, realness, concreteness, empathy, as well as in terms of attending and responding behaviour. The qualitative measurement (a semi-structured interview) indicated that the participants were able to empower patients to find their own answers to difficult personal questions. The alternative hypothesis was accepted, namely that this workshop in facilitations skills significantly enhanced the intra- and interpersonal characteristics associated with self-actualisation and the facilitation of growth in patients. The findings highlighted the difference between the two roles of instructor and facilitator, and recommendations to this effect were formulated.

Facilitation skills for trainers

This research aims to develop the facilitation skills of trainers. Facilitation is defined form the Person-Centered approach, as providing an opportunity for the trainee to experience personal growth and learning. A facilitation skills workshop was presented to 40 trainers, focussing on enhancing selfactualisation, its intra and inter personal characteristics, and attending and responding behaviour. Measurement with the Personal Orientation Inventory and Carkhuff scales, indicate enhanced cognitive, affective and conative sensitivity and interpersonal skills. A post-interview indicates the trainers experienced empowerment in dealing with the providing of opportunities for growth amongst trainees, in all kinds of training situations. Recommendations are made to enhance facilitation development amongst trainers. Opsomming Hierdie navorsing poog om die fasiliteringsvaardighede van opieiers te ontwikkel. Fasilitering word gedefinieer vanuit die Persoonsgesentreerde benadering as die beskikbaarstelling van 'n geleentheid om persoonlike groei en leer te ervaar. 'n Fasiliteringsvaardighede werkswinkel is aangebied vir 40 opieiers, met die fokus op die stimulering van selfaktualisering, die intra en interpersoonlike kenmerke daarvan, en aandagskenk- en responderings- gedrag. Meting met die Persoonlike Orientasievraelys en die Carkhuff skale, dui op n toename in kognitiewe, affektiewe en konatiewe sensitiwiteit en interpersoonlike vaardighede. n Post-onderhoud dui op die opleier se ervaarde bemagtiging in die beskikbaarstelling van groeigeleenthede vir opleidelinge, in all tipe opleidingsituasies. Aanbevelings word gemaak om die ontwikkeling van fasiliteringsvaardighede by opleiers te verhoog.

Criterion Validity of a New Measure of Self-Actualization

Many authors have questioned the validity of the major existing measures of self-actualization (the Personal Orientation Inventory, the Personal Orientation Dimensions, and the Short Index of Self-actualization), given their serious theoretical and methodological limitations. A new inventory was developed, the Measure of Actualization of Potential, and various studies were conducted to assess its theoretical and empirical content as well as its construct validity, internal consistency, and temporal reliability. The present aim was to estimate the criterion validity of the new measure using humanistic clinical psychologists' assessments as the criterion. The results show that eight clinical psychologists' rankings of 73 individuals are positively and highly correlated with the scores obtained by the same individuals on the Measure of Actualization of Potential.

Reliability of a New Measure of Self-Actualization

The purpose of this study was to investigate both the internal consistency and temporal reliability of the Measure of Self-actualization of Potential. Results from the initial pilot study ( n = 414) used to develop the inventory are compared with those of a new sample ( n = 156) designed to evaluate its stability. Responses from the new sample support our initial findings of moderate to relatively high alpha coefficients for the two main scales and five subscales. Test-retest reliability for the new set of responses indicates high stability, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from .74 to .88. For the over-all scale, Cronbach alpha reaches .90 and the intraclass coefficient .87. In addition to better psychometric properties, the new inventory has two other advantages over the Personal Orientation Inventory, fewer items and a self-report format.