The Role of TQM Practice in Improving Business Performance’s Pharmaceutical Industry in Indonesia

The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the role of Total Quality Management (TQM) on business performance in various dimensions. This study proposes a conceptual model that intends to study several research hypotheses. The data were obtained through an online questionnaire, sent to pharmaceutical companies manufactured generic products in Indonesia. The study was conducted based on responses received from 168 valid questionnaires, and it was used partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypotheses. Furthermore, we use both of reflective and formative construct with second order/higher order construct in our model of study which is rarely found in the previous study. This research analyzed the dimensions studied in different aspects. TQM variable consists of seven practice, namely management commitment, supplier quality, employee involvement, leadership management, customer orientation, continuous improvement and quality management system, and with respect to business performance, this variable was analyzed through four different perspectives, namely, financial, customer, internal business process and learning & growth. The findings indicate that companies adopt total quality management get improvement in their business performance. Leadership management has greater effect on the successful of TQM practice compared to other TQM dimensions. This study also provides a particular contribution for the companies and expect to be used as feedback related to the execution of their TQM implementation to improve their business performance. Keywords— Balanced Scorecard; Business Performance; Pharmaceutical Industry; Total Quality Management

Narasi Nilai Kepemimpinan Astha Brata Dalam Manajemen Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Pada Sekolah Pinggiran

<p><em>The term suburban school emerged as a result of the polarization between schools located in cities and suburban areas. Negative stigma is often attached to suburban schools, with all their limitations.Therefore, the skills of the principal as a leader are highly demanded in school administration in order to create a golden generation in 2045. The eight values of Astha Brata's leadership are ideal values that must be possessed by a leader. The actualization of Astha Brata's leadership values by the principal in suburban schools is absolutely necessary, because of the peculiarities of the problem. This study describes the form of actualization of Astha Brata's values on the leadership management of the principal at a suburban school in Central Aceh. Data collection techniques come from written sources such as books, as well as scientific articles, as well as photos from documentation of school activities. The form of actualization is analyzed based on the problem and the solution to the problem is proven by school documentation in the form of photographs, so that an overview of the actualization of the value of Astha Brata's leadership in the leadership management of school principals in suburban schools can be comprehensively summarized.</em></p>

Leadership

Leadership development happens when one can determine and/or strengthen leadership style. Development continues when there is a trusting connection, when there are clear roles and responsibilities, and when an environment that facilitates quality communication is maintained. This chapter examines a study that shows a disconnect in opinions from employees, CEOs, and human resources professionals who were all asked the same questions about how people view their organization. Top-level leaders were overly optimistic about the frequency with which their employees were being recognized for their contributions. Conversely, human resources professionals were pessimistic about frequent recognition while employees seemed to be divided about the frequency and appropriateness of recognition. The authors find a variety of team qualities as they peruse thousands of leadership, management, and self-improvement books. This chapter narrows the focus to engagement, the setting of leader and manager roles, and developing members.

Expected Competencies of Construction Management Graduates Working in China

Construction manager competencies in today's construction industry are the key factors of project success. Compared to traditional roles, they are faced with a situation showing a gradual shift in their roles and functions especially projects nowadays are encountering more and more complicated issues during construction phase and the increasing complexity of projects poses huge demand for construction managers possessing competencies capable to adapt to this changing industry environment by their knowledge and skills gained through training especially during their early years of construction management education received in polytechnics or universities. Such kind of training builds the foundations for construction managers enabling to develop further a way to adapt to the escalating expectations of the clients and more important related to the development of leadership, management and problem-solving skills construction organisations are looking for. This paper aim to evaluate the expected competencies of construction management graduates in China focusing on the development of construction manager during their early training and how the education institutes can make sure their curriculums capable to prepare learners for the changing needs of construction industry in China. The result of this study is to provide a theoretical basis for the excellent construction management curriculum design, thus encouraging education institutes to adopt industry-oriented approach to deal with ever-changing construction industry.

CAMEROON PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS FOR EDUCATIONAL LEADERS Supporting leadership, management and administration development

Purpose: Effective leadership is about executing the organisation's vision (or redefining and improving it, in some cases), setting direction and the culture for that particular organization, developing people, engaging communities, and creating conditions for successful teaching and learning. But what does that leadership management and administration look like? The recently updated Cameroon Professional Standards for Educational Leaders (CPSEL) identify what an educational leader must develop the ability to Influence Others, Transparent to an Extent., Encourage Risk-Taking and Innovation, Value Ethics and Integrity, Balance Hard Truths with Optimism and do their job effectively in order to demonstrate and sustain effective leadership in today global society. Methodology: There are a number of essential understandings about the Standards that merit attention, since the Standards are based only on literature review and policy analysis evidence. The reality is that the Standards were never designed to be constructed using only literature and policy analysis findings. To be sure, a large portion of the Standards rest on the best available documental analysis of literature and policy documents governing educational leadership and administration. At the same time, the creation of the Standards was predicated on the conclusion that other empirical materials need to be employed in the building process of educational leadership; management and administration standards supporting educational leader’s development in Cameroon. Findings: The CPSEL maintain the same basic footprint of the original standards, emphasizing: Development and Implementation of a Shared Vision and core values of sustainable leadership, Mission, vision and core values of sustainable leadership, Good Governance, Ethics and Professional knowledge and interpersonal skills, Equity and Cultural Responsiveness, Curriculum, Instruction and Assessment, Community Engagement, Recruitment and Selection, School Leaders, Teachers, Students and Community Development, Professional Learning Community for School Leaders and Teachers, Financial Management, Succession Planning, School Improvement for the Future. Elements and indicator examples for each of these standards are included to further define leadership. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy (recommendation): The paper concludes with elements of all of the leadership standards are organised into inter-related categories with Professional Values and Personal Commitment at the heart of development. These standards emphasize equity, diversity, access, equal opportunity, and empowerment for students, educators, and all members of the educational community as they work together to ensure that all educational practitioners are ready for educational leadership career. CPSEL framework serves as a foundation for educational leader’s preparation, induction, professional learning, and evaluation.

Successful Management of Settlements to Boost Rural Development

The paper summarizes and provides and overview on the economic and social processes influencing and supporting the successful management of settlements, focusing on Hungary. The role of leadership and settlement management is inevitable in the everyday operation as well as in the definition and realization of development concepts and strategies. The basis of stable operation and development is the financial independency and stability, thus we need to call the attention on the importance of economic development functions of settlements as well as on the important role of mayors and leaders in the economic and spatial development. The approaches, the ideas as well as the way how the leaders think are all determining factors in development. Nowadays, settlement development and regional economic development raise such key issues that are also the main research questions in our paper, like „What does a good municipality/a good settlement look like? How can ‘good’ be described?” What are the main characteristics of a suitable leader in the case of settlements? It is known that there are no targeted trainings, courses for mayors/heads of municipalities to prepare them to be good leaders, there are no nationally or internationally acknowledged skills, competences that could be applied to select the most suitable leaders for the positions. Therefore, we believe that we must call the attention to this shortage and motivate the experts in public administration, the researchers and scientists, as well as trainers and coaches to cooperate and work on the solution. In this paper, through the dimension of leadership/management, we intend to discover the characteristics of successful community leaders and to focus on the importance of the activities of ‘local heroes’, who prove to have strong commitment to the development of settlements.

Ideologías empresariales y postfeminismo: Un diálogo interdisciplinar

Resumen: Este texto es una respuesta abierta a las apreciaciones planteadas por las profesoras María Ávila Bravo-Villasante y Lydia de Tienda Palop, y los profesores Carlos Jesús Fernández Rodríguez y David Muñoz Rodríguez a la obra Mujeres y discursos gerenciales. Hacia la autogestión feminista (Medina-Vicent 2020). A lo largo de las presentes páginas se busca articular un diálogo entre miradas procedentes de diferentes disciplinas (filosofía, sociología y teoría feminista centralmente) que contribuya a enriquecer la reflexión elaborada en dicha obra y abrir nuevos interrogantes sobre la misma. A su vez, dicho diálogo permitirá seguir ampliando el campo de los estudios del management desde la perspectiva feminista. Abstract: This is an open response to the comments of professors María Ávila Bravo-Villasante, Lydia de Tienda Palop, Carlos Jesús Fernández Rodríguez, and David Muñoz Rodríguez to the book Mujeres y discursos gerenciales. Hacia la autogestión feminista (Medina-Vicent 2020). The aim is to articulate a dialogue among views from different disciplines (centrally philosophy, sociology and feminist theory) that can contribute to enrich the reflection elaborated in the book and to open new questions about it, with the hope that this dialogue will help to expand the field of management studies from a feminist perspective. Palabras clave: postfeminismo, mujeres, liderazgo, gestión. Keywords: postfeminism, women, leadership, management.

Translator Management: A Case Study of the Ming-Dynasty’s Ethnic House

Translator management may be seen as the use of some management methods to manage translators in a certain environment so as to achieve a certain management purpose and improve operational efficiency. The present study applies contingency theory of management to the case study of translator management in the Ethnic House in the Ming Dynasty, focusing on its organisational designs, model of leadership, management methods, and needs and incentives. The findings show that there are no unified models for translator management methods, and today’s translation companies and institutions are expected to follow certain management laws and make certain adjustments based on the external and internal environments as well as the qualifications and needs of managers and translators and establish a system of contingency management in order to promote the healthy and orderly development of the language service industry.

Institutionalizing Leadership Management and Governance for Health System Strengthening in Emerging Economies: Evidence from the Partnership for Health System Strengthening in Africa (PHSSA)Programme

Health systems in an emerging economy, specifically Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are characterized as fragile with low implementation of Universal Health Coverage. While acknowledging that the cause of the inadequacy in emerging economies is multi-factorial, other arguments are that the root cause is inadequate political and technical leadership. Evidence reveals that visionary, imaginative, decisive, responsible, and responsive leadership is insufficient to persuade all stakeholders in low-income nations in Sub-Saharan Africa to work together to attain the constructive goal of universal coverage. On the contrary, other academics suggest that successful leadership would establish a clear national vision for universal coverage and a commitment to achieving that objective over time. These contrasting observations motivated an interrogation of the link between health system governance and Universal Health Coverage in an emerging economy taking evidence from the PHSSA programme. Through a meta-analysis of the existing literature as well as analysis of the findings from the programme, the paper explores experiences, critical success factors and recommendations for improvement of UHC through institutionalizing health system governance in an emerging economy. The research provides evidence that the governance linkages in health systems and the outcomes they produce are contingent rather than assured, due to the variety and complexity inherent in the health system governance paradigm. The situation-specific setting of a country's health system determines what can be accomplished through health governance strategy design and implementation efforts. The paper recommends a need to create a conducive environment for adoption of health systems programmes by contextualizing health governance with regard to the larger set of governance institutions that surround it. A competency framework should also be adopted in recruitment of competent health managers. The study also recommends a need for the countries in seeking to institutionalize health system governance to develop and support an organizational structure and context that sustains leadership practices through advocacy, create an enabling environment for health systems leadership, management and governance through the development of ethics and other competences specific to universal health care situations as well as provide proper financial support system so that institutionalization of leadership, management and governance can have maximum impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of health systems. There is also a need to institutionalize short courses, seminars and conferences in health leadership, management, and governance so as to entrench participatory leadership in health systems.

Rule-Based Leadership-Management Style of Administrators and the Entrepreneurial Spirit of Employees

The study aimed to determine the influence of rule-based leadership management toward the entrepreneurial spirit of the employees of the Divine Word College of Laoag. To deepen the understanding and concept of the study, literature was reviewed. Theories of the study were established. The study used the descriptive correlational research design and used questionnaires to gather the data. The study found that rule-based leadership management of the administrators is high but the entrepreneurial spirit of the employees is moderate. The study concludes that the higher the bureaucratic or rules-based leadership- management is, the lower the entrepreneurial spirit of the employees become. In terms of the correlation between rule-based leadership management and entrepreneurial spirit, the study found that there is a significant correlation. Rule-based leadership management affects the entrepreneurial spirit/mindset of employees. Therefore the hypothesis of the study is accepted.