Band pass filter comparison of Hairpin line and square open-loop resonator method for digital TV community

The selection of the right filter design method is a very important first step for a radio frequency engineer. This paper presents the comparison of two methods of band pass filter design using hairpin-line and square open-loop resonator. Both methods were applied to obtain filter designs that can work for broadcasting system in digital television community. Band pass filter was simulated using design software and fabricated using epoxy FR-4 substrate. The results of simulation and measurement shown return loss value at 27.3 dB for hairpin line band pass filter and 25.901 for square open-loop resonator band pass filter. Voltage standing wave ratio parameter values were 1.09 and 1.1067 for hairpin line and square open-loop band pass filter respectively. The insertion loss values for the Hairpin line band pass filter and square open-loop band pass filter were 0.9692 and near 0 dB, respectively. Fractional bandwidth, for hairpin line band pass filter, was 6.7% while for square open-loop band pass filter was 4.8%. Regarding the size, the dimension of square open-loop resonator was approximately five times larger than hairpin-line band pass filter. Based on the advantages of the hairpin line method, we recommend that researchers choose the filter for digital TV broadcasting.

Research-to-Resource: Facilitating Adult Band Participation Benefits

Researchers have documented that participation in community band settings can lead to adults’ perceptions of musical and social benefits. Directors who can strategically consider ways to encourage musical and social benefits for their adult band participants may be encouraging these benefits to flourish. This research-to-resource article provides example applications to aid directors with implementing positive musical and social experiences in adult community music settings.

Conclusion

This concluding chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. This study constructed a three-part narrative to chronicle the rise of Cantonese opera. At the outset, much information on the latter half of the nineteenth century is provided, and the imperial period also is covered as additional background, but the principal time frame is the early part of the twentieth century. A key finding of this study is the resilience of the opera community and how it managed to find ways to tap into the underlying appeal of a plebeian theater and to make difficult adjustments in logistics and other long-held conventions in order to stay afloat and rebound. The changes made during the 1920s and early 1930s continued a larger process of ongoing evolution and showcased the remarkable adaptive capacity of Cantonese opera. They also underscore the tremendous resilience of the opera community band its art in facing the severe disruptions and dislocation caused by the Sino- Japanese War and even greater uncertainties in the ensuing postwar years.

From Isolation to Collaboration: An Autoethnographic Account

In this paper I explore my personal experiences with collaborative music performance projects. Collaborations between different groups of musicians can be a transformative moment in the lives of students and music educators. The process of collaboration provides opportunities that cannot always be achieved when an ensemble performs alone. Many of these projects were undertaken in my role as a music educator responsible for school music ensembles but in one case, as a conductor of a community band. This idiographic auto-ethnographical study is based on my own reflective journal, which was analysed using Autoethnography and Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. The themes identified include: Isolation versus Collaboration, Social Interaction, and Music on a Grand Scale. The findings support the idea that there are considerable advantages for engaging in collaborative performance projects, which cannot only be musically enriching but provide unexpected social and cognitive benefits.

Alienation and Resilience: The Dynamics of Birth Outside Their Community for Rural First Nations Women

Bella Bella/Waglisla is a small community of 1,250 First Nations residents on British Columbia’s Central Coast that has enjoyed a long history of birth within the community. This ended in 2000 when services began to decline, forcing women to travel to distant referral centres before starting labour. This qualitative investigation documents the experiences of First Nations women who gave birth away from their communities. Data were collected through a written survey of women’s experiences of birth, locally or away, and through in-depth exploratory interviews of women’s stories of their experiences. A community-based research advisory committee guided the study and ethical approval was obtained from both the community band council and the appropriate university research ethics board. Themes from the interviews included the influence of care providers in decision-making, the isolating experience of birth in a referral community, the stress of traveling to access care, the value of emotional and practical support from family and community, and community confusion regarding the decision to close local maternity services. Participants in this study had divergent experiences of childbirth outside of their community; the natures of the experience influenced whether or not they chose or were required to leave after services closed. The experience of leaving the community was difficult for most of the women, precipitating a sense of alienation. For many, the alienation experienced was mitigated by their strong sense of resilience.

Spatial coherence between seasonal seed banks in a semi-arid gypsum community: density changes but structure does not

Seed banks play a crucial role in arid plant communities because they confer stability and long-term persistence. However, seed banks have high temporal and spatial variability, with dramatic changes in density and composition. The aim of this study was to test whether seasonal change affected seed bank community structure and spatial pattern. Moreover, we wanted to know if the effect driven by environmental factors on the seed bank was constant year round. We sampled the seed bank at 188 points along seven parallel transects through a gypsum system in central Spain. Soil samples were taken twice (September and April) in contiguous plots. In each plot we measured environmental parameters, including micro- and macroslope, vegetation band, shrub cover, lichen crust cover and landform. A nearly threefold decrease in seed bank density occurred between September (16,230 seeds m–2) and April (5960 seeds m–2). Seasonal changes in density varied widely among species; however, a seed bank was present for most species at both sampling dates. For several well-studied species (Lepidium subulatum and Helianthemum squamatum), seed losses were within the range of losses by emergence reported in the literature. In both seasons, seed bank composition was controlled mainly by community band and microslope. Sampling season had a significant, but minor effect on seed bank composition. Moreover, a high spatial correlation existed in terms of seed density and richness through the two studied seasons. These results show that the seed bank keeps a constant structure even under substantial variation in density.