Environmental Assessment of Compaction and Transportation of Municipal Solid Waste in Patna, India

Municipal solid waste management is a major concern for developing countries all over the world. The collection and transportation accounts for major portion of expenditure in developing country like India. The compaction of waste is being practiced in some major cities of India as they provide economical benefit but the environmental benefits of compaction are not very clear. The preset study evaluates the environmental impacts due to transportation of non-compacted and compacted waste from the transfer station to the landfill site using life cycle assessment approach. The study compared transportation of non-compacted waste with the waste compacted by the truck mounted refuse compactor and portable stationary compactor. The functional unit defined was the amount of waste generated per day in the study area taken as Patna city and GaBi 10.5 used for impact assessment. The study found that the transportation of waste compacted by truck mounted refuse compactor had the least environmental impacts on all impact categories. The study recommends the compaction of waste by the truck mounted refuse compactor and then proceed for transportation. Also, the compaction of waste is recommended as it improve the overall environment performance of municipal solid waste management.

THE CONVERSION STRATEGY FROM LANDING CRAFT TANK INTO LIVESTOCK CARRIER: AN OVERVIEW OF TECHNICAL EVALUATION AND ECONOMICAL BENEFIT

The conversion of Landing Craft Tank into Livestock Carrier as an alternative solution was conducted by performing technical and economic assessments. The conversion analysis of LCT vessels to Livestock Carrier was achieved by performing layout rearrangement, stability test, seakeeping, and resistance test to measure the technical change occurring due to the modification. The economic added-value analysis was conducted by calculating the payback period to determine the estimated time needed to recover the cost of an investment. The result showed that the conversion of LCT ships has a good technical assessment. The intact and damage stability performance qualifies the standard criteria given by the IMO standard. The motion result qualifies the standard according to the type of vessel in terms of heave, pitch, and roll motions. Moreover, the resistance of the Livestock Carrier is reduced due to a decrease in displacement and draft. In terms of economic assessment, the Livestock Carrier conversion project qualifies for investment projects and improves the use-value and economy of a business segment.

Review: Etnotaksonomi dan bioekologi tumbuhan pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.)

Eurycoma longifolia (EL) is a species that have economical benefit as medicinal ingredients for human health. This species grows in tropical forest areas with high rainfall. Research on the ecology of EL has been done a lot, but research related to ethnotaxonomic, bioecology that includes morphology, ecology, and the association of EL with other plants hasn’t been done much. This study aim to analyze the bioecology of EL plant. The method is literature study, which is looking for literature on the results of research that has been carried out related to EL. The results showed that EL has long been known by the communities of Indonesia and other countries in Southeast Asia with several local names. This plant is also associated with other plants around where it grows, one of which is kempas (Koompassia malaccensis). Based on the results of literature review, research on natural regeneration of EL hasn’t been done much. Therefore, there is a need for research related to the natural regeneration of EL. In addition, it is necessary to conduct research related to the characteristics of the place to grow for optimal cultivation of EL. Thus, the preservation of EL in the future can be maintained.

Cuffed vs Uncuffed Endotracheal Tubes for Pediatric Patients: A Review

The use of uncuffed endotracheal tubes (ETT) in patients younger than 8 years old has been in practice for the last 60 years. In the last decade, there has been a change in clinical practice with a transition to cuffed ETT use, and there continues to be debate between cuffed vs uncuffed ETT use. This narrative review article aims to review the current literature on the topic and highlight some key points in the argument of cuffed vs uncuffed ETT use in pediatric patients. Cuffed ETTs are increasingly being used with several studies over the last 20 years demonstrating its benefits. Studies have claimed cuffed ETT has a clinical, environmental, and economical benefit over uncuffed ETT. Despite shortcomings of various studies and no definitive conclusion of a superior type of endotracheal tube, cuffed ETTs are here to stay in the world of anesthesia.

PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA PORANG DI LAHAN BAWAH TEGAKAN POHON DI DESA PACAREJO, KECAMATAN SEMANU, KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL

Pacarejo Village in Semanu District Gunung Kidul Regency is a village where is still a lots of potential lands under Tree forest stands. Land Proverties taht belonging of Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta (UPNVYK) located in this place. It is available to cultivate Porang stalk. Porang is going to growing well, if there are shading plants, in the form of stands.There are still capable of about 50 percent light. The land in Pacarejo Village is overgrown with teak, sonokeling, mahony and sengon trees. It is rich and get benefits apart from the timber, soo the land underneath can be used for plant that can provide yields well. In other hand, this activities provide economic added value to the community around the forest and get the better welfare. This Community servises activity aims to cultivate land, including UPNVYK land which has not been utilized as well as to be used as a forum for education for the community and can obtain additional results, thereby improving the local community's economy. The program dedicated to improve the commnunity empowerment. In program implementation, we conduct with communities approach methode. It was carried out using the RRA (Rapid Rural Approach) and PRA (Participatory Rural Approach) methods, which are the philosophy model to close the village community deeply. All of Activities have been doing by Focus Group Discussion (FGD), get the extention to the community, dissemination commodities of Porang and its benefits of commodities. The program are cultivate land with Porang and make the derivative product after harvest handling. To get the ideal of the program, to be done through scheduled mentoring, implementation of technology, controlling and monitoring. The application of the method, in the form of activities by presenting a "demplot" of Porang cultivation and assistance properly and correctly. It is able to carry out the cultivated of post-harvest handling and calculated revenue to be get economical benefit. The results of the activities showed that the program is useful and able to get the land use optimal and the end of the program will increase household community income.

Efficient Technique for Simultaneous Lead Recovery and PbO2/Ti Electrode Preparation for Electrocatalytic Degradation of Basic Red

In order to achieve the effective removal of Pb2+ from low-concentration wastewater as well as the lead recovery for direct reuse simultaneously, a simple electrodeposition method was used in this study. In this process, synthetic lead wastewater with low concentration of 4, 8, 12 and 16 mg/L was treated, more than 67% lead was recovered from wastewater and a PbO2/Ti electrode was fabricated in a simple reaction tank. The test results of characterizations confirmed that PbO2 nanoeletrocatalyst was successfully deposited on a Ti substrate. Electrochemical activity tests indicated that PbO2/Ti electrode had advantages of high oxygen evolution potential (1.90 V) and low electron transfer resistance. Furthermore, the results of electrocatalytic degradation experiments demonstrated that prepared PbO2/Ti electrode had the superb decolorization and mineralization ability on Basic Red. After 120 min of electrolysis, the Basic Red removal efficiency and TOC removal efficiency could reach to 89.38% and 68.82%, respectively, which was 5.2 and 7.1 times higher than the Ti substrate alone. Besides, the calculated mineralization current efficiency for PbO2/Ti electrode increased from 5.18% to 36.74% after PbO2 depositing, and thus an economical benefit was obtained by more than 5 times energy saving. The influences of the applied current density, initial dye concentration, electrolyte concentration and solution pH on the oxidation efficiency were also investigated and optimized. The prepared PbO2/Ti electrode also showed a great stability with high dye removal efficiency (above 85%) after 10 times repeated experiments. These results suggest that it is a promising technological process to remove and recover lead from low-concentration wastewater efficiently and reuse them as electrocatalyst for other organic wastewater treatments.

Optimal group based testing strategy for detecting infected individuals: comparison of algorithms

We investigate group based testing strategy targeted to identify infected patients by making use of a medical test which equally well applies to single and pooled samples. We demonstrate that, under assumed setting, quick sort grounded testing algorithm allows to reduce average costs, and the reduction is very significant when the infection percentage is low. Although the basic idea of test sampling is known, our major novelty is the rigorous treatment of the model. Another interesting insight following rigorous analysis is that an average number of tests per one individual scales like entropy of the prevalence of infection. One more reason for the paper is the context: taking into account the current situation with the coronavirus, dissemination of renowned ideas and the optimisation of algorithms can be of a great importance and of economical benefit.

INTERVENTION OF NOVEL NANOTECHNOLOGY IN FIGHT AGAINST COVID 19

The outbreak of pandemic COVID-19 mounts overall pressure on healthcare and modern societies. The intervention of nanotechnology will play a vital role in bringing multi-disciplinary ways of developing affordable, reliable, and powerful tools for diagnosis, personal protection, and new effective medicines. Moreover, employing nanosensors will significantly aid to diagnose the viruses even on asymptomatic patients. Likewise, the use of nanoscale fibers can optimize the protection affinity of personal protective equipment and facemasks and allows their reusability for medical and economical benefit. This research was designed purposely to highlight the perspective contributions of nanotechnology in the war against COVID-19 pandemic

Investigation of non-autoclaved foamconcrete beams reinforced with bamboo

Purpose: of this paper presents the experimental results of a study of strength and flexural behaviour of non-autoclaved foam-concrete beams reinforced with bamboo Design/methodology/approach: Six experimental samples of reinforced lightweight foamed concrete beams with hardened density D800 and D1200 with the same bamboo reinforcement were tested on lateral bending. Findings: A low level of anchoring of bamboo reinforcement in foam-concrete beams can provide their premature destruction. Research limitations/implications: Next experiments should be provided for improving the anchoring of bamboo reinforcement such as the bad adhesion between the bamboo and foam-concrete caused premature destruction of experimental samples. Practical implications: Replacement of steel reinforcement on the bamboo one in foam- concrete structures can be economical benefit. Originality/value: Increasing of experimental base leads to developing and creating new building standards in the nearest future.

Utilization of Information and Communication Technology in Coordination Between the National Library with the Provincial Library

Changes are rapidly occur in this world, especially developments in the field of information and communication technology. Man must be able to adjust quickly to keep up. Developments in information and communication technology has made it easier for people in work. Utilization of information and communication technology are expected to make work performed by humans is more effective and efficient. National Library of Indonesia mandated by Law No. 43 of 2007 as an adviser to all types of libraries throughout Indonesia. In carrying out the task, the National Library should coordinate with local government including the provincial government, represented by the provincial library which can be said to represent the provincial government in the affairs of the library. National Library of Indonesia in coordination with the provincial library has been facilitated by information and communication technology such as telephone, fax and internet. In addition, coordination can also be done through conventional correspondency or direct face to face. This study tried to define which communication system that is commonly used by the National Library of Indonesia when coordinating with the provincial library and the reasons that lie behind them. The method used in this research is descriptive with a participatory approach, the researchers and respondents are equal and shared a mutual cooperation. This research indicates that face-to-face coordination is more preferred, because face-to-face coordination offers a social and economical benefit. Keywords: library, national library, provincial library, utilization technology