MINIMALISM PHILOSOPHY AND ITS REFLECTIONS ON SPACE

Since the beginning of its time, minimalism had a wide range. Consciously or not minimalism had touched the life of many. This is why even though being unrelated to art, most of the people in the World knows about this art movement. The reason why minimalism touched many lives is the way it evolved to something more than just an art movement. It became a way of living a philosophy. Another reason for this philosophy to become this popular is because minimalism can be seen in many scales in life such as; art, design, philosophy, music and literature. This paper aims to analyse the minimalism movement, to enlighten the milestones of it, to research the process of its evolution and to understand how it became a philosophy and how this philosophy is reflected to spaces. Keywords: Minimalism, philosophyi space, perception

New Laboratory and Pilot Techniques Applied at Mintek in Aid of Furnace Containment System Designs

The Pyrometallurgy Division at Mintek is known internationally for the development of applications of direct current (DC) arc furnace technology in smelting applications, more specifically in the smelting of primary resources, i.e., chromite, ilmenite, titanomagnetite, nickel laterite and ores containing precious group metals, and secondary resources, i.e., furnace slag or dust. From a furnace containment perspective, either an insulating or a conductive design philosophy can be applied, irrespective of the raw material being processed. In the initial stages of a project, desktop studies are typically conducted which include the selection of a furnace containment design philosophy, specific to the application. To lower the risk associated with incorrect selection of a design philosophy and/or furnace containment system components, it is prudent to conduct tests on laboratory and pilot scale and to transfer the knowledge gained to industrial applications. The paper presents examples of the laboratory and pilot techniques utilized.

Smart Pump Station for Cross Country Pipelines

Cross-country pipelines are the safest mode of transportation for petroleum products. A typical hydrocarbon multi-product cross-country pipeline network consists of Dispatch station, cross-country Pipeline, Intermediate Pump Stations, Sectionalizing Valve Stations, intermediate pigging stations and Receipt Stations. Dispatch station, Intermediate Pump Stations and Receipt stations are manned stations to meet the operational and maintenance requirements in the pipeline network. Since pipelines operate round the clock, operations work force are required on 24 × 7 basis at these control rooms. Typically, work force expenses account for more than 25% of total operating cost. Cross-country pipelines are often laid in areas away from Urban and Industrialized areas. Intermediate Booster stations are also mostly located in remote areas. The work force operating these stations have to stay in hardship locations to ensure pipeline operations are unhindered. In order to optimize the work force requirements at Intermediate Pump stations and to ensure seamless and safe operations, it is proposed to construct Smart pump stations. The smart pump stations are intelligent enough with state of the art instrumentation to be monitored / controlled / operated from a remote controlling station which is a non-hardship location. The smart pump stations are designed such that it will have self-sufficient systems which will require minimum human interface from remote controlling stations. HPCL has implemented the smart pump station design philosophy in its ongoing Vijayawada Dharmapuri Pipeline project wherein two Intermediate Pump (IP) stations viz. Donakonda & Kalakada are designed and are being constructed as smart pump stations which are being completely automated and will be remotely monitored / controlled from remote controlling stations at Vijayawada & Kadapa respectively. Design philosophy of Smart Stations entails developing a completely new and a tailor made design philosophy for Process, mechanical, Electrical, Instrumentation, cathodic protection system, SCADA, Telecom & allied systems, fire & safety and accordingly getting all the equipment selected / manufactured / installed / commissioned.

Requirements engineering of the CanSat GITI-2305 satellite for the Colombia 2020 CanSat challenge

The design of a CanSat type pico satellite it is necessary to opt for the design philosophy and approach through systems and requirements engineering, since it allows to start from the needs of the client, which in this case are the organizers of the CanSat Colombia 2020 Challenge, and of each of the stakeholders of the project and the contest. This paper presents the result of the approach of the mission to be accomplished, its goals and objectives, as well as the different requirements of the stakeholders and the system that the prototype must fulfill, whose final prototype called GITISAT-2305, was socialized with the participation of the GITI research group of the San José Higher Education Foundation in the CanSat Colombia 2020 Challenge.

Design Philosophy for Buildings’ Comfort-Level Performance

The data reported by Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) show that the fatal casualties and severe injuries are due to heavy shaking during massive earthquakes. Current earthquake-resistant building standards do not include comfort-level performance. Hence, a new performance design philosophy is proposed in this research to evaluate the quantitative effect of earthquake-induced shaking in a building. The earthquake-induced response accelerations in a building are analysed, and the response accelerations related with the characteristic property of the building are used to evaluate the number of Seismic Intensity Level (SIL). To show the indispensability of the newly proposed comfort-level design philosophy, numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the comfort level on different floors in a building. The results show that the evaluation of residents’ comfort levels should be considered in the current earthquake-resistant building design codes.