Discourse of corruption in the Russian society

Objective: to study the socio-cultural and legal nature of the corruption phenomenon in a discursive and communicative context.Methods: the methodological basis of the article is the synthesis of the discursive and communicative theory of J. Habermas and W. Krawietz’s integrative theory of legal reality, focusing on the interdisciplinary study of corruption as an interdisciplinary category, taking into account not only objective, but also subjective components. This determined the choice of research methods (comparative, hermeneutic, and discursive methods).Results: corruption as a phenomenon and the interdisciplinary category reflecting it is determined by social, cultural and psychological factors of the legal reality development. Acting as a complex legal archetype, it defines the value attitudes of consciousness and behavior of the legal communication participants, orienting them to carry out actions aimed at satisfying individual (less often group and social) interests, even if they contradict the law. Corrupt behavior is perceived by a large part of the Russian society as a model of hierarchical interaction of the legal communication subjects, the purpose of which, according to the addressee, is to increase the effectiveness of the addressee’s activities. In addition, corruption is becoming an informal means of “liberation” from the legal requirements, rigid and unfair, according to some representatives of the society. In these conditions, the success of the institutional fight against corruption can be achieved only if this fight involves not only improvement of anti-corruption legislation, but also countering shadow norms, creating a system of anti-incentives for corrupt behavior, including ideologically, through the formation of value attitudes of citizens to reject corrupt practices as unpatriotic and harmful to the rule of law and the legal culture of the society as a whole.Scientific novelty: for the first time in Russian jurisprudence, a study of the category of corruption in the communicative and discursive aspect was conducted.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific and pedagogical activities when considering the issues of the essence and content of the Russian legal reality, in the anti-corruption activities of state and municipal bodies, as well as in anti-corruption education.

Law of Digital Society: Actual Problems and the Ways of Development

The article discusses the digitalization of law enforcement as the most important trend of post-Russian social development. The author believes that attempts to oppose the transition of postmodern society to digital society are scientifically insolvent for several reasons. First, according to the current consensus, post-contemporary (or post-industrial) society is a stage of sociocultural evolution, when advanced technologies, including information technology, begin to play a leading role, determining the further direction of the development of human civilization. Second, the cultural, social, political, and legal uncertainties of the Postmodern Era are not only not permitted but to some extent are exacerbated by the digitalization of society and law enforcement. Thus, according to the author, the rights of digital society develop tendencies, which, in general, are inherent and natural manifestations of postmodern civilization. As shown in the work, the rights of digital society in the current stage of legal communication development are characterized by a generally greater (compared to preceding stages) accuracy of the iconic means, among which include digital media, as well as their further extraction from objects acting as referred signs. As a result, digital design of the law enforcement generates several problems that have not received adequate solutions. The most important of those solutions include anonymization of the subjects of legal interactions (primarily states and legal entities, but also physical individuals), as well as the divorce from objects to which these relationships are addressed. These trends generate a crisis of confidence for communication participants, which is a key problem of post-hour law enforcement. In order to overcome such a crisis, the author offers the reconstruction of the rule of law based on human rights and freedoms that protect the fundamental identity and ensure the stability and coherence of legal reality.

Współczesne zmiany kulturowo-komunikacyjne a język prawa. Uwagi na marginesie propozycji nowego modelu uzasadnienia orzeczeń sądowych

The subject of the article is the structure and linguistic shape of a specific type of legal genre – the reasons for the judgement. The authors, as members of the project and training team, actively participate in the transformation of the communication standards for the Polish judiciary community. They work with the assumption that the long-standing tradition of legal communication is hermetic and results in texts which are uncommunicative and unintelligible to an average reader. In the article, the authors present the social, media, linguistic and communication contexts of such texts. They emphasise their retropical character and indicate the possible direction of changes towards less hermetic and more everyday communication experiences, closer to the average reader. In the conclusion, they underline the importance of the intelligibility of a text as the basic parameter of effective communication and advocate for a systemic change of contemporary legal communication. Based on the texts of reasons for the judgement, they show that such a change is possible as long as it is accepted by the judiciary community in the first place.

Legal design jako narzędzie umożliwiające osiągnięcie komunikatywności tekstu prawnego

The article discusses the idea of legal design as an approach to legal communication that takes into account the needs of the readers of a normalised legal text and combines linguistic and non-linguistics techniques. It includes examples of legal regulations that refer to the intelligibility and clarity, also discussing the communication challenges that authors of legal texts are faced with. The aim of the article is to explain the term ‘legal design’ whose role as a tool for ensuring communicativeness is becoming more widely recognised by the specialists in the practice and theory of law and linguistics.

E-GOVERNMENT AS A METHOD FOR LEGAL COMMUNICATION BETWEEN CIVIL SOCIETY AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

E-government is a form of public administration which promotes efficiency, openness and transparency of public authorities and local governments with the use of information and telecommunications technologies to form a new type of state focused on meeting the needs of citizens. E-government is studied as a way, a form, the concept, system and mechanism of cooperation between the state (public administration) and public sectors (civil society). As a method for legal communication between civil society and public administration, e-government plays the role of a means of public self-government, which involves interactivity and continuity of interaction between citizens and the state, the presence of public control over the activities of public authorities. This article is dedicated to reveal the role of e-government for realizing the goals of legal communication between its participants in public life. However, further in-depth analysis requires understanding the role of e-government as a means of legal communication, changing the focus and direction of its development in the digital age, as well as exploring promising areas of legal regulation of virtual legal relations between public authorities and civil society. The implementation of e-government in Ukraine should be provided on a qualitatively new level to develop efficient legal communication between government and society as a whole, strengthen confidence in the state and its policies, improve cooperation between public authorities and local governments, business, citizens and civil servants. The authors of this article adhered to its purpose, which is to analyze the understanding of the role of e-government as a means of legal communication, changing the focus and direction of its development in the digital age, and exploring promising areas of legal regulation of virtual legal relations between government and civil society.

MISTAKES IN SPECIALIST TRANSLATIONS AND THEIR POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES IN THE LEGAL COMMUNICATION

Nowadays, in the age of globalisation and the worldwide flow of information, translator’s work becomes more and more demanding as well as indispensable. International legal communication and functioning of multinational institutions and organisations require an effective work of professional legal translators. The legal translation remains a challenge even for the most experienced and knowledgeable translators. The purpose of this paper is to prove the difficulty of legal translator’s work that may result in various mistakes in the legal specialist translations. Based on researches on translation mistakes, the paper points out types of potential mistakes in translation, the most common translation mistakes and their possible consequences in the legal communication. It also suggests what should be perceived as essential regarding translator’s knowledge and competence and proposes what should be seen as important while trying to avoid some legal translation mistakes.

LANGUAGE EDUCATION IN LEGAL COMMUNICATION

The article analyses the potential influence of language education on legal communication. This work is divided into subsections, each devoted to a specific aspect of the matter. First of all, the paper discusses various features of language used in legal discourse. Also, it provides the reader with examples of mistakes that could be avoided by changing the vocabulary and sentence structures. Furthermore, the work discusses the obstacles that the migrants encounter due to the lack of suitable terminology used in legislation. The paper aims to offer solutions which linguists may introduce to improve the transparency of legal communication.

LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF LEGAL COMMUNICATION PHRASES IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK

This article is devoted to the study of the linguistic features of English and Uzbek expressions with legal semantics. The author gives expressions corresponding to the subject of the article and demonstrates the pragmatic implementation of their legal content. The theoretical part of the article is confirmed by the corresponding examples of English and Uzbek expressions with legal meaning.