Effects of Unmanaged Sports-Related Conflicts among Colleges of Education Students in Ghana.

The purpose of the study was to unravel and analyze effects of sports-related-conflicts in the Central-Western Zone of Colleges of Education in Ghana. Quantitative descriptive survey was used to unravel the effects of sports-related-conflicts among students in the Colleges of Education in the Central Western zone. A questionnaire was administered to 369 respondents. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics. It was revealed that the effects of sports-related-conflicts assumed different forms including; creation of state of chaos, destruction of property, retaliation, sowing seeds of bitterness, rough play action, suspicion, unnecessary tensions, blackmailing among others. It was recommended that conflicts in sports at the Colleges of Education in Ghana should be properly managed by the organizers of the sporting activities

Stability (1954–57)

This chapter marks a period of stability and growth for the NBA during the mid-1950s. With the NBA down to eight teams, owners still faced inadequate revenues, although their continued efforts to improve and innovate would eventually lead to the NBA's stabilization. They also continued to grapple with the unattractive aspect of the league's end games, where fouling and rough play were still the tactics of choice. How to reduce the primitive aspects of the game remained a difficult problem, but it was one with an elegant solution—the twenty-four-second shot clock helped transform the pro game into something quite distinct from other basketball games and would eventually prove popular and enduring. In addition, the owners also needed to assess whether television would prove beneficial for the NBA.

Other bacterial diseasesCat-scratch disease

Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is a worldwide zoonoses caused by infection with the bacterium, Bartonella henselae. The formal description of the disease by Debré in 1950 (Debré et al. 1950) corresponds to the most frequently diagnosed form of the disease. Cats are the main reservoir for B. henselae and transmission is via Ctniocephalides felis. Humans usually become infected after being scratched or bitten by a cat and is most frequently seen in children and young adults.CSD is a self-limiting illness which often begins with a small papule developing at the site of cat scratch or bite within 3-14 days of the infection. Nearby lymph nodes, usually neck, axillary or groin, become swollen and can persist for several months. It may take up to 7 weeks for the enlarged lymph nodes to appear and individuals may not recall any cat scratch or bite. In healthy cases antibiotics are not indicated.About 5-10% of patients may develop other forms of CSD including eye infection characterised by conjunctivitis and swollen lymph nodes, rash, liver and spleen enlargement, and more rarely encephalitis. Immunosuppresed patients may develop more severe disease, such as bacillary angiomatosis.General advice for preventing CSD includes avoiding rough play with cats, particularly kittens. Cat scratches and bites should be washed immediately with water and soap and cats should not be allowed to lick open wounds.

The Rough Play of Adolescent Boys of Differing Sociometric Status

Two forms of rough-and-tumble play (R&T/Chase and R&T/Rough) were observed in a group of young adolescent boys while they were on the playground during their school recess period. Although little variation was observed for the R&T/Chase category, sociometrically defined average and rejected boys, compared to popular boys, spent a significant portion of their time in R&T/Rough. This latter form of R&T was, in turn, related to aggression and perspective-taking status for rejected boys; it was related to dominance status for all boys. Additionally, rejected and average boys chose to engage in R&T/Rough with children who were less dominant than they. R&T/Chase was not reliably correlated with other measures. These findings are interpreted as supporting the claim that some children exploit play bouts for their own dominance-exhibition ends.

Antecedents of problem behaviors in children of depressed mothers

Aggression observed in 2-year-old children of well and depressed mothers was examined in relation to problem behaviors at ages 5–6. Both normative (e.g., object struggles, rough play) and maladaptive (e.g., dysregulated, out-of-control behavior) forms of toddler aggression were identified. Dysregulated aggression predicted (a) externalizing problems reported by mothers when children were 5 years old, and (b) children's reports of difficulties during a structured psychiatric interview at age 6. Problems were more frequent and continuity patterns more evident in children of depressed, than well, mothers. Early maladaptive aggression was a better predictor of later externalizing, than internalizing problems. Childrearing practices of mothers of toddlers also appeared to contribute to later outcomes: negative influences were evident but protective patterns were present as well. Depressed mothers who used proactive childrearing approaches (e.g., anticipating the child's point of view; exerting modulated, respectful control; providing structure and organization during play environment) had children who showed fewer externalizing problems 3 years later.

The Hanson Brothers Effect: Is Rough Play A Winning Strategy In The NHL?

The effectiveness of “rough play” as an on-ice operational strategy in theNational Hockey League (NHL) was examined for the effect on season outcomes(e.g., Stanley Cup playoffs, winning the Stanley Cup), and on-ice performance (e.g.,Points, Wins). Four measures of rough play were analyzed (Penalties in Minutes(PIM), number of Major Penalties, number of Minor Penalties, PIM Differential).There were no significant differences between eventual Stanley Cup winners orplayoff teams and other teams in the regular season, but Stanley Cup Finalists hadsignificantly fewer PIM. Rough play was not found to be an effective strategy forNHL teams.