State of the Fishing and the Aquaculture in the southern Seas of Russia in XXI century

The analyze of dynamic of quantity and composition of the Russian catches in the Sea of Azov, Black and Caspian Seas in the 21st century was made. It has been shown that catches decrease with a simultaneous increase in the proportion of marine fish proper. The analyze of aquaculture development in southern regions is provided and also identified the prospects for its development in the near future. Currently, there is a positive dynamics of growth in the production of commercial fish farming products. Since 2000 this parameter has decreased from 77 to 328 thousand tons in 2020. The volume of aquaculture in the southern regions of the country in 2020 amounted to more than 78 thousand tons, which is 24% of the total Russian. In Rostov and Astrakhan region, Krasnodar territory obtained 90.6% aquaculture production. The perspective ways are pasture aquaculture, ponds and industrial fish farming, recreational aquaculture, mariculture. The expansion of the species diversity of farmed fish is possible both due to the aboriginal ichthyofauna and the use of previously acclimatized species.

On the issue of Australian crayfish cultivation in ponds to ensure sustainable aquaculture development

The authors of this article describe the experience of biotechnology for growing Australian crayfish in conditions of pond cultivation in a group of ponds, operating in an intensive mode, used in an isolated area close by a natural water source in the Astrakhan region. In the presented article, research is aimed to clarify the main biotechnological indicators that increase the efficiency of cultivation in pond conditions. The conditions of transportation, the duration of transportation, and the density of crayfish in ponds with an area of 1 hectare have been clarified. The presented food recipe with the specification of the percentage of nutrients as additional feeding, organized when growing in ponds according to the food recipe itself, increases not only the growth rate but also the hemolymph protein concentration, which indirectly proves the satisfactory conditions for keeping aquaculture objects. Monitoring for the biotechnology of growing Australian crayfish in pond conditions: own developed food recipe, biological and physiological testing of key indicators such as hydrochemical indicators of water, hydrobiological indicators of the concentration of, and physiological indicators for determining the so-called biotechnological norm, which will add additional missing information on this aquaculture object.

What is the Relationship between Science and Spatial Conflict in Aquaculture? A New Zealand Case Study in Environmental Controversy

<p>Aquaculture development in New Zealand (NZ) is a politically controversial topic that is reliant on science for decision-making. Aquaculture causes conflict over use of marine space because the ecosystem is rich with overlapping values and uses, such as recreation, fishing and biodiversity. Science helps decision-makers understand aquaculture's effects on other stakeholders and the environment. This case study investigates the role that science and scientists have in addressing spatial conflict in NZ aquaculture. This is approached from three angles: policy frameworks, scientific knowledge, and the challenges to utilising scientific knowledge in policy frameworks. Data were drawn from documentary analysis and fifty-two semi-structured interviews with members of the aquaculture policy community, marine scientists, and stakeholders in the marine ecosystem. The results of this case study are as follows. First, the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) framework employs science to make normative planning decisions. Where there is controversy over planning decisions, science represents different interests in debates over spatial allocation. Second, regarding scientific knowledge, beliefs and policy goals for aquaculture science appear to be oriented towards commercial, civic and Māori epistemologies. Commercial science is the narrowest of the three for considering the full range of values in the debate over aquaculture. Third, when science is used in policy debates, interviewees perceive it to be politicized, revealing the assumption that science should be neutral and objective. Misinformation and mistrust of scientists are barriers to using science effectively to address spatial conflict. This research suggests that science politicization of science may be a natural part of aquaculture development, which implies that the links between science and values must be made transparent to allow debate. It is necessary to ensure appropriate and adequate opportunity for deliberation about the principles and values for use and non-use of space. This removes the focus from employing 'right' and 'wrong' scientific facts to influence the political process. This type of debate is supported by civic-oriented science.</p>

What is the Relationship between Science and Spatial Conflict in Aquaculture? A New Zealand Case Study in Environmental Controversy

<p>Aquaculture development in New Zealand (NZ) is a politically controversial topic that is reliant on science for decision-making. Aquaculture causes conflict over use of marine space because the ecosystem is rich with overlapping values and uses, such as recreation, fishing and biodiversity. Science helps decision-makers understand aquaculture's effects on other stakeholders and the environment. This case study investigates the role that science and scientists have in addressing spatial conflict in NZ aquaculture. This is approached from three angles: policy frameworks, scientific knowledge, and the challenges to utilising scientific knowledge in policy frameworks. Data were drawn from documentary analysis and fifty-two semi-structured interviews with members of the aquaculture policy community, marine scientists, and stakeholders in the marine ecosystem. The results of this case study are as follows. First, the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) framework employs science to make normative planning decisions. Where there is controversy over planning decisions, science represents different interests in debates over spatial allocation. Second, regarding scientific knowledge, beliefs and policy goals for aquaculture science appear to be oriented towards commercial, civic and Māori epistemologies. Commercial science is the narrowest of the three for considering the full range of values in the debate over aquaculture. Third, when science is used in policy debates, interviewees perceive it to be politicized, revealing the assumption that science should be neutral and objective. Misinformation and mistrust of scientists are barriers to using science effectively to address spatial conflict. This research suggests that science politicization of science may be a natural part of aquaculture development, which implies that the links between science and values must be made transparent to allow debate. It is necessary to ensure appropriate and adequate opportunity for deliberation about the principles and values for use and non-use of space. This removes the focus from employing 'right' and 'wrong' scientific facts to influence the political process. This type of debate is supported by civic-oriented science.</p>