Saint Clement’s debate on Time and Eternity as a manifest for the Postmodern Spirituality

"This paper wants to be an answer to nowadays’ paradigm of thinking. Contemporary views in the philosophy of time are traditionally categorized into presentism, (live the moment) which regards only the present as real and eternal, and assigns present reality equally to the past, present, and future. As we will notes in the paper the patristic debate of time and eternity provides a very close answer as modern thinking time philosophy to the questions: What is time? What is eternity? Both answered are considering “Today” as crucial bud the patristic view of “Today” as ontological salvation and the modern view consider “Today” hedonistic. Time is given to the world only as a fleeting interval to prepare it for perfection and unchanged in eternal life. But this situation of the world in time, or its endowment with change in the review of perfection, implies that it is not of any fundamental essence or any other essence, for, in this case, it could not move towards perfection, but is created from nothing, by a personal Creator forever perfected, who planted her aspiration for him through its perfection of His power, or from the ever-increasing communion with Him. The Christian approach of time philosophy is the answer to the lost soul’s spirituality, scared by the temporal events of life like Covid 19."

STEPPING OUT OF THE “ENCLAVE”: PUBLIC ACTIVITIES OF THE SERBIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH AND THE QUEST TO REGAIN SOCIAL AUTHORITY IN THE 1980S

In this paper we will consider how, from the beginning to the end of the 1980s, the Serbian Orthodox Church gradually abandoned its restricted mode of public action and moved from an enclave form, with occasional elements of counterpublics, to a dominant public sphere. This process was the result of a complex set of phenomena that often overlapped. Pressure from authorities on religious communities and believers started to decline at the time despite restrictive legislation regarding public appearances by religious officials still being in force. This was followed by a pronounced deatheization of younger parts of the population and an expansion of various forms of secular religiosity (popular culture, sports), including hybrid types of postmodern spirituality within Yugoslav society. In such circumstances, religious communities were encouraged to expand the scope of their public activities, so they found new forms of communication and networking, both among believers and in various social circles. Our aim is to point to forms of public action cultivated at the time by the Church and the stages it underwent in its participation in the public sphere. Additionally, the factors that influenced a change in the Church’s public and social position in the late 1980s will be discussed, along with the consequences caused in different areas of its functioning.

VISI-VISI POSTMODERN DALAM KESUSASTRAAN JERMAN AWAL ABAD KE-20

Abstrak Visi-Visi PostModern dalam Kesusastraan Jerman Awal Abad ke-20. Aliran pemikiran postmodern yang menyeruak di segala bidang kehidupan mulai dirasakan pada paruh kedua abad ke-20. Namun akar pemikiran tersebut sudah mulai tampak pada abad ke-19. Kritik terhadap pemikiran modern itu muncul dalam berbagai ekspresi masyarakat, seperti seni, arsitektur, dan sastra. Dalam kesusastraan Jerman pemikiran yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai visi postmodern dapat kita temukan dalam beberapa karya sastranya yang terbit pada awal abad ke-20. Tulisan ini membahas tentang visi-visi postmodern yang terdapat dalam novel Siddahartha karya Hermann Hesse yang ditulis pada tahun 1919. Pembahasan difokuskan kepada visi spiritualitas postmoden. Visi-visi spiritualitas tersebut muncul dalam gambaran tentang tokoh utamanya dan relasi antar tokoh serta latarnya. Spiritualitas yang bersifat internal, esensial, dan konstitutif serta spiritualitas yang bersifat organis hadir menjadi penawar permasalahan modernism pada masa karya tersebut ditulis.Kata kunci: Postmodern, Siddhartha, spiritualitas Abstract Postmodern Visions In German Literature In The Beginning Of 20th Century. The flow of postmodern thinking in all areas of life began to imerge in the second half of the 20th century However; the roots of these ideas already started to appear in the 19th century. Criticism towards modern thinking occured in various expressions of the society, such as art, architecture, and literature. In German literature, ideas that can be categorized as postmodern vision can be found in several literary works published in the early 20th century. This paper discusses the postmodern visions contained in the novel Siddhartha written by Hermann Hesse in 1919. The discussion in this paper focuses on the vision of postmodern spirituality. The spiritual visions appear in the description of the main character and intercharacter relationships, and background. Spirituality which is internal, essential, and constitutive, and spirituality that is organis comes to netralize the issue of modernism at the time the work was written.Keywords: postmodern, Siddhartha, spirituality

Russian Church Schism and the Formation of “Two Russias”

Describes the course and nature of Raskol (splitting of the Russian Orthodox Church in the 17th century). The author considers the effects of the split on Old Believers, which led to the enforced adaptation of ideological modernism that combined with their original traditionalism. While proceeding from participants of traditional spiritual movement to religious adepts, Old Believers have developed their own ideology and negative identity (which are the main points of the modern type of religiosity). Though Old Believers confronted Modernity both ideologically and mentally, they used veiled postmodern mechanisms, which are actively run today for shaping stylistics and imitationalism of the postmodern spirituality.