Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) NEAT1 and MALAT1 are differentially expressed in severe COVID-19 patients: An integrated single-cell analysis

Hyperactive and damaging inflammation is a hallmark of severe rather than mild Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To uncover key inflammatory differentiators between severe and mild COVID-19, we applied an unbiased single-cell transcriptomic analysis. We integrated two single-cell RNA-seq datasets with COVID-19 patient samples, one that sequenced bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and one that sequenced peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The combined cell population was then analyzed with a focus on genes associated with disease severity. The immunomodulatory long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) NEAT1 and MALAT1 were highly differentially expressed between mild and severe patients in multiple cell types. Within those same cell types, the concurrent detection of other severity-associated genes involved in cellular stress response and apoptosis regulation suggests that the pro-inflammatory functions of these lncRNAs may foster cell stress and damage. Thus, NEAT1 and MALAT1 are potential components of immune dysregulation in COVID-19 that may provide targets for severity related diagnostic measures or therapy.

Clinical presentations, diagnostics, treatments and treatment costs of children and adults with febrile illness in a tertiary referral hospital in south-eastern Guinea: A retrospective longitudinal cohort study

Background Febrile illness is frequent among patients in the tropics. It is caused by a wide variety of common diseases such as malaria or gastrointestinal infections but also by less common but highly contagious pathogens with epidemic potential. This study describes the clinical features of adult and paediatric patients with febrile illness in in the largest tertiary referral hospital in south-eastern Guinea, a region at high risk for viral haemorrhagic fever outbreaks. The study further compares their diagnostic characteristics, treatments and outcomes with non-febrile patients in order to contribute to the local epidemiology of febrile illness. Methods We used retrospective data collection to record demographic and clinical data of all incoming patients during a study period of three months. For the follow-up study of inpatients, we retrospectively reviewed patient charts for diagnostic characteristics, diagnoses and outcomes. Results Of the 4317 incoming patients during the study period, 9.5% had a febrile illness. The most used diagnostic measures to identify causative agents in febrile patients were point-of-care tests and most treatments relied on antibiotics. Most common discharge diagnoses for febrile inpatients were malaria (9.6% adults, 56.7% children), salmonella gastroenteritis/typhoid (10.6% adults, 7.8% children) and respiratory infection/pneumonia (5.3% adults, 18.7% children). Inpatient mortality for children was significantly higher in febrile than non-febrile children (18.5% vs. 5.1%, p<0.001) and considerably higher in febrile than non-febrile adults (29.8% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.404). Conclusions Malaria, respiratory infection and gastroenteritis are considered the main causes for febrile illness. The wide reliance on rapid diagnostic tests to diagnose febrile patients not only risks to over- or under-diagnose certain diseases but also leaves the possibility of highly infectious diseases in febrile patients unexplored. Furthermore, the heavy reliance on antibiotics risks to cause antimicrobial resistance. High mortality rates in febrile patients, especially children, should be of concern to public health authorities.

Diagnozowanie logopedyczne uczniów w czasie pandemiiDiagnozowanie logopedyczne uczniów w czasie pandemii

Speech plays an extremely important role in interpersonal communication. Often times, speech does not develop according to the norm. The time of the pandemic is a very difficult time for specialists. Not an easy moment for a quick, reliable diagnosis. The article clarifies the issues of diagnosis and speech therapy. It talks about a reliable diagnosis, which is determined by many factors, opinions, and specialist research. The article focuses on specific conceptual terminology in the field of speech therapy diagnostics. It allows for the emergence of a consistent diagnostic procedure. He brings us closer to the difficult time of therapeutic work during remote learning. It shows us the difficult access to medical specialists such as a neurologist, ENT specialist, phoniatrist and others. Speech therapy care is designed to preventive and diagnostic measures. The work of a speech therapist is taking preventive measures to prevent speech defects and disorders. Supporting preventive activities, including in the field of teachers. Speech therapist Conducts screening tests to determine the speech of students. Organizing speech therapy assistance. These are activities in the field of living word culture. First of all, it shows us how many students use speech therapy in educational institutions. The aim of this article is to show the difficult work of a speech therapist in times of a pandemic. With what obstacles on the way to beautiful Polish pronunciation a modern specialist. Under what conditions do therapists work, wanting to further fulfill themselves as therapists who want to help.

PREDICTION OF THE OCCURRENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF FATAL VASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN COVID-19 USING FUZZY MATHEMATICAL MODELS

Целью исследования является разработка метода прогнозирования возникновения и развития тромботических осложнений (тромботических прецедентов), провоцируемых действием новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) на организм человека, позволяющего усовершенствовать лечебно-диагностические мероприятия для пациентов с данной патологией. В качестве базового математического аппарата была выбрана методология синтеза гибридных нечетких решающих правил, хорошо зарекомендовавшая себя в процессе решения задач с нечётким описанием исследуемых классов со структурой данных аналогичной решаемой в работе задачи. В ходе проводимых исследований были синтезированы математические модели прогнозирования возникновения и развития тромботических прецедентов. Экспертное оценивание и математическое моделирование показали, что уверенность в правильном принятии решений по прогнозу появления и развития исследуемого класса тромботических осложнений превышает величину 0,9. В работе получены нечёткие математические модели прогнозирования возникновения и развития тромботических прецедентов у людей с подтверждённой коронавирусной инфекцией, для которой ведущим фактором риска является вторичный антифосфолипидный синдром с возникновением микроангиопатии. В ходе проведенных исследований была показана целесообразность использования полученных результатов в практике работы таких врачей, как иммунологи, инфекционисты, пульмонологи, кардиологи и сердечно-сосудистые хирурги The aim of the study is to develop a method for predicting the occurrence and development of thrombotic complications (thrombotic precedents) provoked by the action of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) on the human body, which allows improving therapeutic and diagnostic measures for patients with this pathology. The methodology of synthesis of hybrid fuzzy decision rules was chosen as the basic mathematical apparatus, which proved itself well in the process of solving problems with a fuzzy description of the classes under study with a data structure similar to the problem being solved in the work. In the course of the research, mathematical models for predicting the occurrence and development of thrombotic precedents were synthesized. Expert evaluation and mathematical modeling have shown that confidence in the correct decision-making on the prognosis of the occurrence and development of the studied class of thrombotic complications exceeds 0.9. The paper presents fuzzy mathematical models for predicting the occurrence and development of thrombotic precedents in people with confirmed coronavirus infection, for which the leading risk factor is secondary antiphospholipid syndrome with the occurrence of microangiopathy. In the course of the conducted studies, the expediency of using the results obtained in the practice of such doctors as immunologists, infectious disease specialists, pulmonologists, cardiologists and cardiovascular surgeons was shown

Combined malformation of the biliary tract

Anomalies in the biliary tract development are a relatively rare pathology in the practice of a pediatric surgeon. A combination of two or more defects of the biliary tract is even less common. The article presents literature data and own clinical observation of a child with a combination of a cyst of the common bile, or hepatic, duct (common bile duct) and an additional bile duct. The anatomical structure of the biliary tract was identified before surgery using magnetic resonance cholangiography. Based on the analysis of literature data and our own observation, we propose an algorithm for diagnostic measures in children with malformations of the biliary tract, which helps to avoid intraoperative injuries.

A study to assess the Knowledge regarding glycemic control and self- management among diabetic patients in Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur

A study was conducted in order to assess the knowledge regarding glycemic control and self-management among diabetic patients in Amala Institute of Medical Science, Thrissur. A Nonexperimental descriptive survey design is used for the study. The sample consists of 30 subjects. Samples were selected by convenient sampling technique and according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The tools used were Structured Knowledge Questionnaire and Demographic variables. Structured knowledge questionnaires were administered after giving necessary instructions. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings of the study showed that the majority of subjects have good knowledge (56.6%) on glycemic control and self- management of diabetes mellitus. Area wise Analysis of knowledge obtained based on diabetes mellitus are in general (66.6%), definition, etiology, and risk factors (76.6%), diagnostic measures and insulin administration immediate (63%), self-care and dietary management (63.3%) respectively. The results also shows that there is a significant association between knowledge regarding glycemic control and self-management among diabetic patients with age group, religion, educational status, occupation, residence, dietary pattern, duration of illness and previous knowledge.

Human Genetics to Identify Therapeutic Targets for NAFLD: Challenges and Opportunities

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a continuous progression of pathophysiologic stages that is challenging to diagnose due to its inherent heterogeneity and poor standardization across a wide variety of diagnostic measures. NAFLD is heritable, and several loci have been robustly associated with various stages of disease. In the past few years, larger genetic association studies using new methodology have identified novel genes associated with NAFLD, some of which have shown therapeutic promise. This mini-review provides an overview of the heterogeneity in NAFLD phenotypes and diagnostic methods, discusses genetic associations in relation to the specific stages for which they were identified, and offers a perspective on the design of future genetic mapping studies to accelerate therapeutic target identification.

Psychosomatic disorders (distress, depression, anxiety, somatization) in young patients who have had COVID-19

AIM: The mission is to assess possible psychosomatic disorders (in particular, stress as a nervous breakdown, an acute temporal phase of a specific disorder, which is manifested primarily by signs of depression and neurosis) in young patients who have had COVID-19, in the course of rehabilitation, to improve medical and psychological support after their discharge from the hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 60 convalescents who have had COVID-19 and had practically been healthy before (men aged 19.87 1.64 years) were examined. The main clinical variants and manifestations of COVID-19 in our study were inapparent infection (II) in 19 cases (31.67%), acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) in 21 cases (35.0%), pneumonia without respiratory failure (P) in 20 cases (33.33%). These are clinical variants and manifestations of mild-to-moderate of COVID-19 severity. The diagnosis of all clinical variants and manifestations of COVID-19, the patients examination, treatment and discharge from the hospital were carried out in accordance with regulatory documents. The patients were examined 68 month after discharge from the hospital. Psychometric examination of these individuals to separate their clinical manifestations of distress and somatization and manifestations of depression and anxiety was carried out according to the questionnaire The Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire, 4DSQ), developed in 1996 by the Dutch specialists B. Terluin. This questionnaire was translation into Russian and adapted by A.B. Smulevich et al. [2014]. Voluntary informed consent was obtained from each of the patients before their participating the study. RESULTS: Indicators of distress, anxiety, somatization after all the clinical variants and manifestations of COVID-19 have a moderately increased level, which indicates a serious illness that has been suffered, in some cases with an unfavorable outcome. The strongly increased level of depression in our study is probably due to the presence of astheno-neurotic syndrome due to the previous COVID-19 disease. The data on the correlation between the scales of methods indicate the direction of possible psychoprophylactic work with convalescents. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study showed that young patients without concomitant diseases who have had COVID-19, even with a mild and low-symptom course, may develop psychosomatic consequences such as distress, anxiety, somatization and some others. The reasons, duration, potential risk factors for their development require further study, however, timely developed preventive and therapeutic and diagnostic measures, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient, can have a positive effect.

Relationship between 25(OH)D and Colorectal Cancer Prevalence at Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta-Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Colorectal cancer is a malignancy of the colon and / or rectum. Vitamin D has a role as an inhibitor of tumor progression, namely through the process of influencing cellular differentiation and proliferation. (VDR) Vitamin D Receptor affects cell differentiation by upregulating brush boundary enzymes and improving morphological microvilli. This study seeks to determine the relationship between 25(OH)D levels and colorectal cancer in dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional design study with quantitative-analytical observation was conducted. All patients had symptoms of colorectal cancer, either undiagnosed or previously diagnosed. 25(OH)D samples were taken from a total of 50 patients at dr. Moewardi Surakarta and subsequent diagnostic measures from the results of histopathology were assessed. The parameters assessed were 25(OH)D level and a diagnosis of colorectal malignancy. Statistical analysis of 25(OH)D levels and colorectal diagnosis using the Chi Square test. Results: The prevalence of colorectal cancer is higher in respondents with 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency compared to respondents with normal 25(OH)D concentrations who tend to have non-colorectal cancer. Based on the Chi-Square test result, the significance value was 0.004, marking a statistically significant association. Conclusion: This study shows a significant relationship between deficiency and insufficiency of 25(OH)D concentrations with the occurrence of colorectal malignancy

A Pragmatic Approach for Detecting nCOVID-19 using Pervasive Computing Based on Dual Diagnostic Measures

Our regular way of life has been disrupted by the COVID-19, and we have been obliged to accept the procedures that are in place under the new normal regime. It is envisaged that the standard diagnostic technique will evolve throughout the course of the procedure. As a help to this type of diagnostic technique, our research group is developing a tool. In this article, the group discusses the importance of employing two diagnostic metrics that have proven to be pivotal in many diagnoses for doctors, and how they might be used to their advantage. Together, natural language processing-based symptoms measures and a machine learning-based strategy that takes into account medical vitals can help to minimise the error percentage of detection by as much as 50%. The technique suggested in this study is the first of its type, and the authors have obtained findings that are satisfactory in terms of accuracy. A further justification for suggesting such a strategy is the manner in which a fusion algorithm might arrive at the correct results from two concurrent algorithms performing the same task. One of the group's other objectives was to give the doctor a valuable opinion in the form of such an architectural design. The suggested design may be employed at any point of care facility without the need for any additional infrastructure or escalation of the current amenities to accommodate the proposed architecture.