How Does COVID -19 Affect Thai Students?

This research was a study about the problem regarding unfavorable learning environments and stressful situations of Thai students during online studying amidst the COVID -19 situation and the solutions to improve the efficiency in learning and development for each age group. This research is an exploratory study of secondary to high school students in Thailand in 2021. The researcher interviewed 144 people in Thailand to obtain information regarding the problems, their effects, opinions, and possible solutions. They collected the data from the questionnaire and analyze the data to find more solutions to the problem. The data analyst used the frequency percentage statistic. The results showed that 1.) Most students want to go to school due to a more comfortable learning environment compared to sitting at home with an unconducive learning environment. Further, learning at school allows students to ask their teachers immediately and the school includes the activities which help support and develop different students 2.). Most of the students will understand if they study diligently, on the other hand, some answered that they will not understand even if they study diligently due to various environmental factors, such as the unconducive environment for learning, 3.) Students have reasons for their problems; this is one of the causes of stress in online learning. Most reasons cite unsuitable environments and unstable online learning systems that make studying boring and inconsistent instruction. 4.) Thai students in the Covid-19 situation concern about their academic performance as old grading standards are still in use, and many said they got low grades. 5.) Out of 144 students, 81 students stated that they have a suitable home environment for online learning; while 63 students do not have a suitable environment for learning due to various home factors like problems with internet instability and parents in the house who had them run errands during the course. In conclusion, the most common problem in online learning is problems with the learning environment. Keywords: Students, Learning, COVID-19, Thailand.

Examining the Development of China’s Low-Carbon Pilots: A Perspective of Non-Technological Innovation

This paper explores the non-technological innovation system for building low-carbon cities in China. It establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system and grading standards for low-carbon cities, concerning both technological innovation and non-technological innovation factors. Defining non-technological innovation factors as independent variables, GDP per capita as the main control variable, and low-carbon development and carbon productivity as dependent variables, this paper examines the contribution of non-technological innovation to the building of low-carbon cities. The result shows that non-technological innovation manifested a significant trajectory of progress. It demonstrates that the continuous improvement to non-technological innovation system should effectively promote the further development of low-carbon cities.

Variation in criteria of examination grades from the perspective of “control rights” theory: An analysis of the grading of history as a subject in the new gaokao

Existing literature on national governance models has focused on the analysis of long-term, stable public organizational processes between different levels of governmental and social organizations. In contemporary China, a considerable part of the organization and implementation process in public services relies on cooperation among different local governmental institutions and social groups. This type of process is characterized by short-termism and instability. This paper uses the perspective of the “control rights” theory to analyze the relationship between the three parties: the principal, management, and the implementation agency in the case of the phenomenon of grading criteria variation in the grading of history as a subject in the gaokao (college-entrance examination) of Province X. This paper shows that although the relationship shows a high degree of correlation, the three parties do not belong to the same bureaucratic organization and lack administrative oversight within the process, which increases the uncertainty in negotiation and maneuvering, resulting in two issues: First, the principal party and management party often have divergent views on targets. With the advantage of controlling incentive distribution, the principal party is able to involve itself in the inspection and evaluation of policy implementation, and therefore maintains the ability to arbitrarily intervene in the process. Second, implementation agency behavior is constantly influenced and modified by feedback from the principal party and the management party, and vice versa. In the process of continuous feedback and adjustment, the three parties gradually reach their own shared understanding of policy implementation that becomes the cause of local variation in grading standards. This paper suggests that unstable public organization process is an important area of study on contemporary Chinese governance. Control rights theory can be further explored as an analytic tool and strategies of various social forces in gaining organizational control should also be investigated in depth.

Hardwood Log Grading in the United States—Part III: An Assessment of the Current Status of Log Grading in the Hardwood Industry

This article documents how the hardwood industry, in the absence of a standardized, industry-wide log grading system, has gone about grading and scaling hardwood logs by surveying mills, primarily in the Appalachian region. In total, 135 surveys were completed by respondents and returned via mail, with only 110 of those surveys considered usable for further analysis, after a thorough review of the individual surveys. Survey responses were grouped around annual production level, with three defined levels; ≤2.5 million board feet (MMBF), >2.5 and ≤8.0 MMBF, and >8.0 MMBF. Responding mills used some variation of a log grading system based on the number of clear faces on the log and the small end diameter of the log. The most common log rule used by mills in this study was the Doyle log rule, with over 75 percent using Doyle for scaling logs. Nearly 90 percent of all mills sampled graded logs without rolling the log to examine all four sides/faces. Half of all the sawmills surveyed pay the same price per thousand board feet (MBF) for butt logs and uppers. When asked if they would support the development of a standard log grading system, about two-thirds of the respondents (66%) indicated they would indeed support a standardized system for Appalachian hardwoods. These findings can help guide the development of a set of log grading standards for buyers and sellers in the Appalachian region and other parts of the world where hardwood lumber is produced.

Abrasiveness evaluation of complex strata based on PDC special energy consumption

The rock abrasiveness is determined with various methods, which results in no uniform standard formed. In order to predict the PDC bit wear and the abrasiveness of complex strata, the force analysis of the PDC broken rock was carried out, and the bit axial load and torque were obtained, respectively. Then, the calculation model of PDC special energy consumption is deduced. Combining the typical distribution patterns of different strata, the specific energy prediction model of complex strata is established. The wear coefficient of PDC is obtained by the relationship between the triaxial compressive strength of rock and the specific energy of rock breaking, and the grading coefficient and grading standard of abrasiveness of the composite formation are derived, which led to the grading coefficient and grading standard of complex strata abrasiveness. The field test of a well in the north of Songliao Basin verified the rationality and effectiveness of the abrasiveness grading standards and provided the basis for the selection and design of the bit.

Appearance of 4 Degree Rash While Treating Advanced Lung Cancer with Icotinib – Whether to Stop the Drug: A Case Report

Skin and skin adnexa toxicities are the most common side effects associated with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Previous research showed that the rash appeared, and the severity of EGFR-TKIs may be a marker of clinical benefit. In this context, we report a 75-year-old man with advanced lung cancer who on receiving icotinib developed severe adverse reactions, 4 degree rash (NCI-CTC AE version 4.0 common toxicity grading standards grade), and refused to stop taking the drug; but with the anti-infection and symptomatic nursing, the patient recovered, the rash disappeared, and the patient received a better prognosis. Thus, we would like to emphasize the importance of deciding whether to stop the drug when patients developed adverse reactions of 3-4 degree rash.

Les référentiels sur l’évaluation de la compréhension de l’oral en chinois

Dans cet article nous présenterons dans un premier temps les documents référentiels importants au sujet de l’évaluation de la compréhension de l’oral du chinois, puis nous ferons une synthèse analytique de ces documents pour soulever la problématique de l’absence de distinction du vocabulaire de l’écrit et de l’oral. Enfin, nous introduirons le descriptif du « _Spoken Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards and Testing Guideline_ 汉语口语水平登记标准及测试大纲». Ce dernier, avec une liste de 8 300 mots à maîtriser dans 30 domaines différents, marque d’après nous un pas significatif dans l’histoire de l’évaluation et de l’enseignement de l’oral du chinois. Cependant, en ce qui concerne la compréhension de l’oral, beaucoup reste à faire, et ceci est surtout urgent pour l’apprentissage du chinois dans un contexte non naturel.