Student entrepreneurship and perceptions on social norms and university environment: evidence from a developing country

Purpose Social contexts and academic environments are key elements in the debate about drivers of entrepreneurial intention and behavior in tertiary students. Nonetheless, the underlying dynamics of student entrepreneurship remain elusive. This study aims to contribute to this discussion by creating an original model that addresses the perception of entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs regarding the relationship between social norms, the university environment of support to entrepreneurship and the perceived satisfaction about universities’ conditions to nurture entrepreneurial orientation. Design/methodology/approach To investigate the hypotheses, a quantitative approach has been chosen through multivariate data analysis using partial least squares structural equation modeling applied to a sample of 595 students from 66 Brazilian universities. Findings The results indicate that social norms affect how students perceive their university environment in terms of entrepreneurial support. In turn, students’ impressions about such environment shape their levels of satisfaction. However, in contrast with the theory of intention–action gap, differences between actual and potential entrepreneurs could not be identified. Originality/value The originality of the research lies in filling an entrepreneurial intention–action gap among undergraduate students, with consistent results in a developing country. Additionally, the research presents new insights for researchers, policymakers and practitioners, exploring the students’ perceived satisfaction in relation to the university environment to support entrepreneurship.

Student entrepreneurship ecosystems at Australian higher education institutions

PurposeDespite the significance, university student start-ups and student entrepreneurship ecosystems (SEEs) have been subject to little research. This study aims to apply a qualitative emergent enquiry approach to explore best practice SEEs in Australia, complimented by narratives from leading scholars in higher education institutions with the aim of delineating the integrative components of SEEs.Design/methodology/approachAdopting the entrepreneurial ecosystem framework and aligned to the social cognitive theory, this paper explores the components and dynamics of SEEs, contributing to an understanding of how such components can better support the growth, sustainability and success of student start-ups. The authors extend entrepreneurship research on social construction using narrative research.FindingsThe findings provide guidelines for researchers, entrepreneurship scholars and educators, entrepreneurship students, policymakers and practitioners to enhance the impact and success of university student start-ups by adopting a student ecosystem approach.Research limitations/implicationsThe narratives represent a limited number of universities with an opportunity for further research to empirically measure the impact and outcomes of SEEs. The research is exploratory, inherently conceptual and emergent, providing an opportunity for validation of narrative frameworks in future studies.Practical implicationsThe findings may assist university managers to be more aware of their own subconscious preferences to student entrepreneurship and start-up initiatives, which may be useful in refining their impact and offerings regarding a quest toward the entrepreneurial university.Social implicationsFrom social perspectives, the alignment of the components of SEE has the ability to enhance and shift the entrepreneurial mindset of entrepreneurship students, notwithstanding enhancement of intentionality and self-efficacy.Originality/valueThis is the first study of SEEs in Australia, highlighting the importance of the integration of entrepreneurship education programs, entrepreneurship education ecosystems, the entrepreneurial university and specific start-up initiatives such as university accelerators. Furthermore, students may enhance their entrepreneurial mindset by actively engaging in such ecosystems.

Addressing the Unemployed Graduate Challenge Through Student Entrepreneurship and Innovation in South Africa's Higher Education

This chapter addresses graduate unemployment through student entrepreneurship in the context of South African higher education. The graduate unemployment rate of South Africa is estimated at 33.5% for the youth (15-24) and 10.2% for those aged 25-34. Unemployed graduate phenomenon as depicted by the FeesMustFall campaign is exacerbated by untransformed curriculum which does not provide students with relevant skills matching the labour demands. In this regard, the chapter argues that student entrepreneurship remains one of the strategies university-based youth or students could not only a space to gain business skills and experience, but also a forum where they can put their creative ideas into income generating projects. The chapter first looks at student entrepreneurship and the challenges faced by tertiary students. Second, it explores the opportunities created through entrepreneurship, the challenges faced by student entrepreneurs, and finally, the support needed to run successful student entrepreneurship.

Student Entrepreneurship in Universities: The State-of-the-Art

The purpose of this paper is to understand how universities develop and support student entrepreneurship. We did a preliminary Systematic Literature Review (SRL) on scientific articles regarding student entrepreneurship published during the last twenty years. Our findings emphasize three main research areas, emerging from a cluster analysis: (i) student entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention; (ii) university support for entrepreneurship; (iii) entrepreneurship education and learning. Particularly, our study points out that the new paradigm of the entrepreneurial university overcame the classical university model through the introduction of many innovations to foster student entrepreneurship. This paper provides an SLR on university role in fostering student entrepreneurship and it is useful for the academic and professional community. Additionally, it is original because it highlights the future directions of entrepreneurship and the main innovations adopted by universities to help students in the development of entrepreneurial initiatives.

KEBERLANJUTAN PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN KEWIRAUSAHAAAN DI UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PALOPO

ABSTRAKPerguruan tinggi dalam adalah bagian dari pusat kekuatan intelektual (intellectual power) yang diharapkan dapat memperkuat kegiatan kewirausahaan. Dengan terbitnya Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nomor 3 tahun 2020, penguatan kewirausahaan kepada mahasiswa juga mendapatkan prioritas. Dalam delapan kegiatan Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) salah satu bentuk kegiatannya adalah wirausaha mahasiswa. Tujuan PPK adalah memandu perguruan tinggi menyelenggarakan unit layanan kewirausahaan yang profesional, mandiri dan berkelanjutan, berwawasan knowledge based economy. Metode yang digunakan pengembangan kewirausahaan yaitu kompetisi bisnis, pelatihan, pendampingan, magang, dan pameran produk. Siklus kegiatan diklasifikasi menjadi tiga, Socio-Technopreneurship Awaraeness Campaign, agar PPK menjadi gerakan bersama di lingkungan perguruan tinggi, Capasity Building, yang dilaksanakan secara kordinatif, konsultatit, dan afirmatif dilakukan berkesinambungan dengan berbagai lembaga, dan Institutionalization adalah upaya pelembagaan kegiatan kewirausahaan di kampus sebagai upaya menciptakan jeringan dan mitra kerjasama. Hasil pelaksanaan PPK Universitas Muhammadiyah Palopo terlaksana sesuai dengan program dan target yang ingin dicapai. Selama 3 tahun pelaksanaan sejak 2019, 2020, dan 2021, telah melahirkan 15 wirausaha baru yang bergerak di bidang kuliner, souvenir, bookstore, dan jasa. Untuk menjamin keberlanjutan dan menentukan Entrepreneurship Priority, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palopo telah membentuk Unit Inkubasi dan Pengembangan Kewirausahaan (UIPK) yang bertugas untuk memfasilitasi mahasiswa dan alumni dalam pengembangan kewirausahaan. Luaran yang dihasilkan adalah jurnal pengabdian setiap tahun, hak cipta, poster, publikasi pada media masa cetak, dan buku ajar kewirausahaan. Kata kunci: keberlanjutan; kewirausahaan; mahasiswa; alumni. ABSTRACTHigher education is part of the core of intellectual power. It is anticipated to stimulate entrepreneurial activities. With the Minister of Education and Culture Regulation Number 3 of 2020, strengthening entrepreneurship for students is also a priority. One of the eight activities in Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM), is student entrepreneurship. With Knowledge-Based Economy Insight, the PPK aimed to guide universities in organizing professional, independent, and sustainable entrepreneurship service units. The approaches used in entrepreneurship advancement are business competition, training, mentoring, internships, and product exhibitions. The activity series is classified into three activities. First, Socio-Technopreneurship Awareness Campaign, so that KDP becomes a joint movement in the university context. Second, Capacity Building, which is carried out in a coordinated and consultative. The last is affirmative manner carried out continuously with various institutions, and Institutionalization is an attempt to institutionalize entrepreneurial activities on campus as an effort to create networks and cooperative partners. The PPK implementation result in the University of Muhammadiyah Palopo was carried out under the program and targeted realized. During the three years of implementation, fifteen new entrepreneurs have been born in the field of culinary, souvenirs, bookstores, and services. To ensure sustainability and determine Entrepreneurship Priority, the University of Muhammadiyah Palopo has established an Entrepreneurship Incubation and Development Unit (UIPK) to facilitate students and graduates in entrepreneurship development. The outputs produced are devotional journals every year, copyrights, posters, publications in print mass media, and entrepreneurship textbooks. Keywords: sustainable; entrepreneurship; student; graduates

Re-exploring entrepreneurial intentions and personality attributes during a pandemic

Purpose Using the theory of planned behavior as a theoretical base, this study aims to examine the effect of the personality attributes, risk-taking, creativity and locus of control on the entrepreneurial intentions of US business college students. The authors replicated previous studies from around the world but performed the research during the Covid-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach The authors surveyed 353 students, comparing those with entrepreneurial intentions (n = 213) versus those without entrepreneurial intentions (n = 140). Findings The authors found that risk-taking and creativity both significantly and positively predicted entrepreneurial intentions, but locus of control did not have a significant impact. Practical implications Contextually, the authors performed this study during the widespread complications of the Covid-19 pandemic. The authors advise business educators to initiate programs that encourage student entrepreneurship by nurturing creativity and offering educational resources that assist students in reducing the perceived risk of entrepreneurship. Originality/value The authors seek to increase awareness among business educators of the significance of entrepreneurship as a desirable career. The authors believe that one impact from the Covid-19 pandemic has been an expanded interest among students to start their own businesses. The authors propose that creative measures introduced into the business school curriculum by business educators will enhance students’ desire to take risks to create their own businesses.

Evaluation of the guess project results (global student entrepreneurship survey) in the context of the influence of primary career experience on graduate choice (international aspect)

The purpose of the article is to evaluate the results of the GUESSS project in the context of building career plans for students. The GUESSS project explores the entrepreneurial spirit of students globally and spans 54 countries around the world. The materials of the project are used to carry out scientific works and publications in the world’s leading journals. Entrepreneurship has become an important part of the learning process. The development of students’ entrepreneurial skills is of great importance at the present stage. OECD countries take into account and develop their youth entrepreneurship programs based on projects like GUESSS. Current labor market trends are destroying utopian models of “well-paid” jobs in a global competitive environment. Digitalization, the economy of smart cities, sustainable development and shared consumption, new trends in healthcare, retail, mass communications and tourism create new opportunities for the development of private entrepreneurship. In the study of the career preferences of students from different countries, one can consider the general tendencies characteristic of modern youth. The article assesses the career preferences of five different countries that are very different in terms of GDP, demographic and socio-cultural characteristics. The assessment of changes in the career preferences of students immediately after graduation and five years after gaining career experience is carried out.

STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN HO CHI MINH CITY: A CASE STUDY AT HO CHI MINH CITY CADRE ACADEMY

In the context of the 4th industrial revolution, it is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore entrepreneurship. Starting a business is expected to create economic growth, make positive contributions to socio-economic development. It is gradually emerging and becoming a topic of much interest from researchers and businesses. So far, however, there has been little discussion about student entrepreneurship. The present research examines the perception and attitude of Ho Chi Minh City students towards entrepreneurial activity through a case study at Ho Chi Minh City Cadre Academy. Specifically, the study addresses the following questions: 1/attitude towards entrepreneurship 2/ reasons for students to be confident to start a business 3/ reasons for students to be not self-confident to start a business. This study employed questionnaires and in-depth interviews as methods to come to the results of the research. The authors selected a non-probability sampling of 240 students in classes of 5 majors at Ho Chi Minh City Cadre Academy for the questionnaire. The findings of this study suggest that the percentage of students who are not confident in starting a business is higher than that of those who are self-confident. The study also finds out the social factors affecting students’ confidence in starting a business and why they are not confident of entrepreneurship.

Dampak Mata Kuliah Kewirausahaan terhadap Minat Berwirausaha Mahasiswa

Kewirausahaan merupakan soft skills yang perlu dimiliki oleh mahasiswa untuk menjadi lulusan yang multitalent dan memiliki kemampuan yang meningkatkan daya kerja, dan mampu menangkap peluang di era persaingan kerja yang ketat. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kewirausahaan terhadap minat berwirausaha mahasiswa. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linear sederhana dengan instrumen Skala Likert. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa proses belajar-mengajar pada mata kuliah kewirausahaan memberi dampak pada pemahaman mahasiswa tentang kewirausahaan yang baik. Pengetahuan kewirausahaan mahasiswa berpengaruh secara nyata dan positif terhadap minat kewirausahaan mahasiswa. Agar generasi muda saat ini berminat untuk menjadi pengusaha dan tidak bergantung pada permintaan tenaga kerja (demand for labor) yang dibuat oleh perusahaan-perusahaan, maka harus dibekali dengan soft skills manajemen kewirausahaan yang cukup. Entrepreneurship is a soft skills that required for student to become multitalented graduates and have abilities which will increase their employability, and ability to recognize the opportunity in an era intense work competition. This study try to determine the effect of entrepreneurship education on student’s interest in entrepreneurship. The analytical method used is simple linear regression with a Likert Scale instrument. The result show that the teaching-learning process in entrepreneurship education had an impact on students understanding of good entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship education has a significant and positive effect on student entrepreneurship interest. knowledge has a significant. So, to make young people are interested in becoming entrepreneurs and do not depend on the demand for labor was made by companies, they must be given an understanding of entrepreneurial management soft skills.