Adolescent Victim Types Across the Popularity Status Hierarchy: Differences in Internalizing Symptoms

Previous studies have called attention to the fact that popular youth are not immune to peer victimization, suggesting there is heterogeneity in the popularity of victims. Yet, no study to date has determined whether victims with different levels of popularity status can be identified using person-oriented analysis. Such analysis is critically needed to confirm the existence of popular victims. Further, there remains a paucity of research on internalizing indices of such popular victims, especially compared to other victim and non-victim groups. To address this gap in the research literature, the current study used latent profile analysis to identify subgroups of victims based on victimization (self- and peer-report) and popularity (peer-report). This study sought to verify the existence of popular victims and to compare victim subgroups on loneliness and self-esteem. Participants were 804 Dutch adolescents (50.2% boys, Mage = 13.65 years, ranging from 11.29 to 16.75 years). The results revealed six subgroups, including a group of popular self-identified victims. Popular self-identified victims were generally less lonely than other victims, but had higher loneliness and lower self-esteem than non-victims. Implications are discussed for understanding the victimization experiences of high-status youth.

Autoestima, autocompasión y afecto positivo y negativo en víctimas y agresores de bullying: Estudio comparativo con medidas autoinformadas e informadas por pares

Self-esteem, self-compassion and positive and negative affect in victims and bullies: A comparative study with self-report and peer-report measuresAbstract: Bullying is a prevalent problem with numerous negative consequences in psychological adjustment, especially for victims. However, most research on the topic is based on self-report measures subject to several biases and other limitations. The present study assessed self-esteem, positive and negative affect and self-compassion in 649 adolescents classified into victims, bullies, bully-victims and not involved students through peer- and self-report measures. Results showed that considering oneself a bully or a victim was associated with the psychological outcomes, being so in peer-report measures. Also, in selfreport measures, not involved participants showed higher levels of self-compassion than the other groups. The present research highlights the importance of including self-report and peer-report measures of bullying when studying the psychological adjustment of victims and bullies.Keywords: Self-compassion; bullying; self-esteem; adolescence; affect; self-report; peer-report.Resumen: El bullying es un problema altamente prevalente con numerosas consecuencias negativas sobre el ajuste psicológico, especialmente para las víctimas. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las investigaciones están basadas en autoinformes que están sujetos a diversos sesgos. La presente investigación evaluó la autoestima, el afecto positivo y negativo y la autocompasión de 649 adolescentes clasificados como víctimas, agresores, agresores-víctimas o no implicados utilizando medidas auto- y heteroinformadas por los compañeros. Los resultados mostraron que autorreconocerse como agresor o víctima guardó una asociación con las medidas de ajuste analizadas, más allá de serlo en las medidas heteroinformadas. En las medidas autoinformadas los participantes no implicados mostraron mayores niveles de autocompasión que los otros grupos. Se resalta la importancia de utilizar de manera conjunta medidas autoinformadas y heteroinformadas para estudiar variables relacionadas con el ajuste psicológico de víctimas y agresores.Palabras clave: Autocompasión; bullying; autoestima; adolescencia; afecto; autoinforme; informe de pares.

Hospital Climate and Peer Report Intention on Adverse Medical Events: Role of Attribution and Rewards

Adverse medical events (AMEs) often occur in the healthcare workplace, and studies have shown that a positive atmosphere can reduce their incidence by increasing peer report intention. However, few studies have investigated the effect and action mechanism therein. We aimed to extend upon these studies by probing into the relationship between hospital climate and peer report intention, along with the mediating effect of attribution tendency and moderating effects of rewards. For this purpose, a cross-sectional survey was administered in a hospital among health professionals. We collected 503 valid questionnaires from health professionals in China and verified the hypothesis after sorting the questionnaires. The results of empirical analysis show that a positive hospital climate significantly induces individual internal attribution tendency, which in turn exerts a positive effect on peer report intention. Contract reward also helps to increase peer report intention, especially for health professionals with an internal attribution tendency. The findings contribute to the literature regarding AME management in hospitals by providing empirical evidence of the necessity for hospital climate and contract reward, and by providing insights to improve their integrated application.

SOCIAL ANXIETY AND SOCIAL COMPETENCE AS DETERMINANTS OF BULLYING BEHAVIOR: A CASE STUDY OF HYDERABAD, SINDH, PAKISTAN

This study investigated the social anxiety and social competence as determinants of bullying student’s behavior of among college students in Pakistan. To define the level of social anxiety and bullying behavior of students which self, peers, regard fatalities as having poorer social skills through 20 behavior’s/competences. A convenience sample of 230 pupils aged between 12 to 14 years (130 girls and 100 boys) provided self-report and peer-report data. They were taken from four colleges of Hyderabad city Sindh Pakistan, like as I mentioned zubaida government degree Girls College Hyderabad, Hayat Girls College Hyderabad, Government Boys degree College Qasimabad, Government degree College kohsar Hyderabad. Furthermore the researcher has used quantitative method survey questionnaire distribute to the respondents for data collection. Analysis through SPSS version 26 Post hoc multiple comparisons of social anxiety and social competence of bullying behavior of students experiences with social anxiety in college students. Study situations using Mann–Whitney U tests demographic information of respondent’s, analysis reliability analysis. In results researcher has found some of the main cause behind this study social anxiety and bullying behavior of students playing negative role in the society. This research will be fruitful for the scholars and policy makers. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0770/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

False Positives Using Social Cognitive Mapping to Identify Children’s Peer Groups

Children and adolescents interact in peer groups, which are known to influence a range of psychological and behavioral outcomes. In developmental psychology and related disciplines, social cognitive mapping (SCM), as implemented with the SCM 4.0 software, is the most commonly used method for identifying peer groups from peer report data. However, in a series of four studies, we demonstrate that SCM has an unacceptably high risk of false positives. Specifically, we show that SCM will identify peer groups even when applied to random data. We introduce backbone extraction and community detection as one promising alternative to SCM, and offer several recommendations for researchers seeking to identify peer groups from peer report data.

False positives using social cognitive mapping to identify children’s peer groups

Children and adolescents interact in peer groups, which are known to influence a range of psychological and behavioral outcomes. In developmental psychology and related disciplines, social cognitive mapping (SCM), as implemented with the SCM 4.0 software, is the most commonly used method for identifying peer groups from peer report data. However, in a series of four studies, we demonstrate that SCM has an unacceptably high risk of false positives. Specifically, we show that SCM will identify peer groups even when applied to random data. We introduce backbone extraction and community detection as one promising alternative to SCM, and offer several recommendations for researchers seeking to identify peer groups from peer report data.

Different factors predict adolescent substance use versus adult substance abuse: Lessons from a social-developmental approach

This 17-year prospective study applied a social-developmental lens to the challenge of distinguishing predictors of adolescent-era substance use from predictors of longer term adult substance use problems. A diverse community sample of 168 individuals was repeatedly assessed from age 13 to age 30 using test, self-, parent-, and peer-report methods. As hypothesized, substance use within adolescence was linked to a range of likely transient social and developmental factors that are particularly salient during the adolescent era, including popularity with peers, peer substance use, parent–adolescent conflict, and broader patterns of deviant behavior. Substance abuse problems at ages 27–30 were best predicted, even after accounting for levels of substance use in adolescence, by adolescent-era markers of underlying deficits, including lack of social skills and poor self-concept. The factors that best predicted levels of adolescent-era substance use were not generally predictive of adult substance abuse problems in multivariate models (either with or without accounting for baseline levels of use). Results are interpreted as suggesting that recognizing the developmental nature of adolescent-era substance use may be crucial to distinguishing factors that predict socially driven and/or relatively transient use during adolescence from factors that predict long-term problems with substance abuse that extend well into adulthood.

Beyond susceptibility: Openness to peer influence is predicted by adaptive social relationships

This study examined the hypothesis, derived from theories highlighting the importance of group harmony and sense of belonging in human relationships, that the adolescents who are most likely to be influenced by their close friends are those who have the highest quality social relationships. Potential moderators of close friend influence on adolescent substance use were examined in a sample of 157 adolescents followed across a 1-year period in mid-adolescence using a combination of observational, sociometric, and self- and peer-report measures. As hypothesized, the degree to which adolescents changed their levels of substance use in accord with a close friend’s levels of use at baseline was predicted by multiple, independent markers of higher quality social relationships including having a higher quality maternal relationship, being identified as a socially desirable companion within the broader peer group, and having a close friend who handled disagreements with warmth and autonomy. Notably, influence processes were neutral in valence: Teens displayed relative reductions in substance use when their close friends had low levels of use and the opposite when their friends had high levels of use. Results are discussed as suggesting the need to distinguish overall normative and adaptive peer influence processes from the sometimes maladaptive effects that can occur when teens associate with specific deviant peers or with a problematic adolescent subculture.

M30. THE ASSOCIATION OF PEER-REPORTED BULLYING AND SOCIAL NETWORK CHARACTERISTICS WITH PSYCHOTIC EXPERIENCES IN CHILDHOOD

Background Psychotic experiences (PEs) are common in childhood and predictive of poor mental health outcomes, including psychosis, depression, and suicidal behavior. Prior studies indicate that bullying involvement and peer relationship difficulties may be linked to increased risk of PEs. However, most studies relied on self-report measures, while an approach including peer-report measures provides a more valid and comprehensive assessment of bullying and social relationships. This study aimed (1) to examine the prospective association of bullying perpetration and victimization with PEs in childhood, using a peer-nomination method complemented by ratings from mothers and teachers; (2) to investigate the prospective association between children’s social positions within classroom peer networks and PEs in childhood. Methods This study was embedded in the population-based Generation R Study, a birth cohort from Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Peer-reported bullying as well as peer rejection, peer acceptance, and prosocial behavior were obtained using dyadic peer nominations in classrooms, victimization was reported by the child itself (n=925, age=7.5). Bullying involvement was additionally assessed by teacher-reported questionnaire (n=1565, age=7.2) and mother-reported questionnaire (n=3276, age=8.1). Using network analysis, we constructed classroom peer networks for peer rejection, peer acceptance, and prosocial behavior and estimated children’s social positions within each network (i.e., degree centrality, closeness centrality and reciprocity). PEs were assessed at age 10 years with a self-report questionnaire. All analyses were adjusted for relevant potential confounders, including age, sex, ethnicity, and maternal education. Results After adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, higher bullying perpetration and higher victimization scores at 7–8 years were associated with increased risk of PEs at age 10 years for peer/self-report, teacher report, and mother report (bullying perpetration – peer report: OR=1.22, 95% CI 1.05–1.43, p=0.010, teacher report: OR=1.08, 95% CI 0.97–1.14, p=0.15, and mother report: OR=1.11, 95% CI 1.03–1.19, p=0.005; victimization – self report: OR=1.16, 95% CI 1.01–1.34, p=0.036, teacher report: OR=1.13, 95% CI 1.02–1.25, p=0.023, and mother report: OR=1.18, 95% CI 1.10–1.27, p&lt;0.001). Unfavorable positions within the peer rejection network were associated with increased risk of PEs (OR degree centrality=1.25, 95% CI 1.07–1.45, p FDR-corrected =0.036). After correction for multiple testing, there were no significant associations between social positions and PEs within the peer acceptance and the prosocial behavior networks. Discussion This is the first study to demonstrate that peer-reported bullying and peer rejection are associated with increased risk of PEs in childhood. Our findings extend current knowledge of self-perceptions in the context of psychosis vulnerability by offering unique insight into peer perceptions of bullying and social relationships. The consistent findings across child, mother, and teacher ratings provide important support for the role of bullying victimization and perpetration in the development of PEs. In addition, our findings showed that children with negative peer perceptions, i.e., children who are rejected by their peers, were at increased risk of PEs. School-based interventions aimed at preventing and eliminating bullying and social exclusion may help to prevent the development of PEs, and, hence, prevent the onset of severe mental health outcomes.