Climate Change and Livestock Production: A Literature Review

Globally, the climate is changing, and this has implications for livestock. Climate affects livestock growth rates, milk and egg production, reproductive performance, morbidity, and mortality, along with feed supply. Simultaneously, livestock is a climate change driver, generating 14.5% of total anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Herein, we review the literature addressing climate change and livestock, covering impacts, emissions, adaptation possibilities, and mitigation strategies. While the existing literature principally focuses on ruminants, we extended the scope to include non-ruminants. We found that livestock are affected by climate change and do enhance climate change through emissions but that there are adaptation and mitigation actions that can limit the effects of climate change. We also suggest some research directions and especially find the need for work in developing country settings. In the context of climate change, adaptation measures are pivotal to sustaining the growing demand for livestock products, but often their relevance depends on local conditions. Furthermore, mitigation is key to limiting the future extent of climate change and there are a number of possible strategies.

Determination of the potential capacity of the point of primary processing of livestock products (on the example of basin groups of the Arctic zone of Yakutia)

Relevance. Currently, there is a need to develop proposals for the creation of a vertically integrated system of procurement stations with modern slaughterhouses in the Arctic zone of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The methodology for determining the potential capacity of a primary processing point for animal products allows planning the rational placement of production facilities, their state regulation and financing.Methods. At the research we used such methods as monographic, economic and statistical, graphic, computational and constructive methods. The potential capacities are determined on the basis of the necessary equality between the monthly capacity according to the schedule of arrival of animals from agricultural producers and the monthly productivity of the point according to capacity.Results. The article provides a brief analysis of the development of agriculture in the Arctic regions, which are divided into the Anabarskaya, Prilenskaya, Yanskaya, Indigirskaya, Kolymskaya groups of uluses (districts) according to the basin principle of the main navigable rivers. The strategic directions of the development of branches of the agro-industrial complex in the north of Yakutia are considered. The methodology and results of calculating the potential capacity of primary processing points in each group of uluses based on the number of reindeer, horses and cattle (cattle) and seasonality of slaughter and daily capacity for initial planning are presented. According to the results of the study, it is proved that to ensure a relatively full load during the year (except for the summer period) the primary processing centers in the Arctic zone of RS (Ya) can be of small and medium capacity. The layout scheme of the centers for processing livestock products is proposed, taking into account the further optimal increase in performance with capacities: 25 heads per shift — in v. Saskylakh, Anabarsky ulus (district) and Deputatsky settlement, Ust-Yansky ulus; 10 heads per shift — in u.v. Tiksi, Bulunsky ulus and u.v. Chersky, Nizhnekolymsky ulus; 7 heads per shift — inv. Khonuu, Momsky ulus.

DIRECTIONS OF STATE SUPPORT DIGITALIZATION OF AGRICULTURE OF RUSSIA

State support for the development of agriculture, like other subsidized industries, has a significant impact on the development of crop and livestock products, acting as a strategic bulwark of the country's food security. An increase in the volume of state support for agriculture is possible with the dynamic activity of all sectors of agriculture, the main task of which is to increase economic efficiency through the transition to innovative production principles. State support for the technical re-equipment of agribusiness is the basis of agricultural production, which has a decisive impact on the transition to digital solutions for the entire agrarian industry in the future. In this regard, the goal was set to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of digital technologies using the example of typical agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Tatarstan located in different climatic zones of the Volga region, confirming an average decrease in the production cost of 1 centner of grain crops by 13%, payment labor on average by 14.5%, which makes it necessary to allocate financial support to agrarians as an effective mechanism for increasing the efficiency of agribusiness based on funds from the federal and regional budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and from extra-budgetary sources. Revealing the mechanism of state regulation in the form of tax, control and inspection, as well as the mechanism of state support and legal regulation, a mechanism of state support for the digitalization process is proposed in the form of subsidizing the costs of purchasing digital products, as one of the effective mechanisms, contributing to the acceleration of the transition of agribusiness to the digital economy. This mechanism will allow agrarians, at the first stage of the digitalization process of agricultural production, to acquire primary digital equipment in the form of trackers and sensors capable of receiving, sending, generating and processing data, which will subsequently lead to the need for the acquisition of interfaces capable of providing unhindered exchange of data between machines and business partners, and later portals in the form of ecosystems

Analysis of Sustainability In Livestock Production Systems In Cordoba, Colombia.

The concept of sustainability is usually broad; it refers to the ability of the system to meet the current demand for livestock products without compromising the use of resources by future generations. Therefore, this study has been conducted to provide an overview of rotational, intensive, and regenerative livestock models to evaluate and measure their level of sustainability in the environmental, social, and economic dimensions to guide livestock guilds, professionals and stakeholders to transform their agricultural systems by adopting the concept of sustainability. The results show that the regenerative livestock system has a high association with the economic dimension in the Almost Good category, in the environmental dimension in the Moderate category, and in the social dimension in the Almost Good and Very Good categories. On the other hand, the rotational livestock system and the intensive livestock system have an association with the environmental dimension categorized as good; however, the association of the intensive livestock system is not as strong as that of the rotational livestock system.

Role of livestock in sustainable agriculture for food security

The livestock sector plays a special role in the formation of the rural economy and the life of society, performing a wide range of different functions. Agriculture, as a result of its activities, provides new jobs, in connection with which unemployment is reduced, there is also a decrease in rural migration, there is a change in the competitive environment, as a result of which the needs of the food market are being satisfied. A comprehensive assessment of the impact of animal husbandry on the development of the territory of the Kurgan region is the goal of our study. The article examines the development trends of the industry on the example of the Kurgan region. The influence of the development of animal husbandry on the provision of food security in the region has been studied. Such indicators as the volume of agricultural products for all types of categories, livestock, production of basic livestock products by categories of farms in the Kurgan region for 2016-2020 were considered and analyzed.

Research of the factor dependence of egg and egg products consumption in the subjects of the Russian Federation

Importance of consummating eggs and egg products in the diet of the population is determined by their high nutritional value. An egg contains a complete animal protein, it has consumer accessibility (both economic and physical) and prevalence in food markets regardless of the territory. The widespread availability (both assortment and price) of eggs and egg products to some extent can compensate for the deficit in consumption of other types of livestock products, which are often not available for socially vulnerable groups of the population with a low level of income. This food group is one of the most valuable products in the structure of rational consumption that meets the modern requirements of a healthy diet, which is reflected in the relevant Recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation [1]. The conducted research is based on the analysis of the main parameters of eggs and egg products’ consumption. The emphasis is made on the study of statistical information on the number of the living population; the prevailing average per capita money income; consumer average retail prices for the specified food group; the level of consumption, its compliance with a rational level that meets modern requirements for healthy nutrition in equal subjects of the Russian Federation, both in the region, territory, republic, autonomous okrug, autonomous region, and in cities of federal significance: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sevastopol. The result of the study was confirmation of the direct dependence of the reduction in the consumption of eggs and egg products as a result of a decrease in the population's income. The territorial aspect also indicated the existence of such dependence. All this allows us to assert that the fundamental factor affecting the level of consumption of eggs and egg products is the economic affordability of the food group, which depends on the income of buyers [11; 13].

THE TRADITIONAL CEREMONIES OF TENGGER TRIBE AS A SUSTAINABLE TOURISM OBJECT IN INDONESIA

Traditional ceremonies are one of cultural representation that is passed from generations. The public interest in traditional ceremonies was decreased by the time, especially for the younger generation. This study aimed to describe traditional ceremony activities in the Tengger tribe as sustainable tourism objects. The research method is descriptive qualitative using field survey. Data is collected through literature review, observation, and interviews. In-depth interviews were conducted with key informants with extensive knowledge and experience about the research object. The research object is traditional ceremonies such as Kasodo, Karo, and Unan-Unan. Triangulation method was used to test the validity and reliability of research data. The result found that the Yadnya Kasodo is a spiritual ceremony aimed to purify nature and carried out as gratitude to God by offering agricultural goods (sajen) and ongkek. The agricultural goods managed by the community to be used in the ceremony are flowers, fruits, vegetables, and livestock products. This traditional procession is closely related to the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park spatial layout. Traditional ceremonial activities could become objects of sustainable tourism and are supported by sustainable resources.