Review of the Study on Rhetoric Translation in China (1997-2021)

Rhetoric and translation help to promote language and cultural exchanges. Therefore, the study of the two fields can be traced far back. Scholars focused on the translation of rhetorical devices long before. In order to learn the trend and problem of the current study of rhetoric translation in China, this paper adopts the method of bibliometrics to analyze the relevant academic articles, theses and dissertations published from1997 to 2021 on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (short for CNKI), a well-known academic website of China. The analysis goes through six dimensions, such as languages involved in the transfer, translation direction, text type, research perspective, rhetoric device and citation frequency.

One-step route for Z-scheme Al2(WO4)3/Bi2WO6 heterojunction toward superior photoelectric and photocatalytic performance

Herein, Al2(WO[Formula: see text]/Bi2WO6 heterojunctions with [Formula: see text]-type structure were successfully prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method. Moreover, the effects of different composite ratios on the properties of materials were explored. The electrochemical tests and photocatalytic degradation experiments showed that the corresponding Al2(WO[Formula: see text]/Bi2WO6 heterojunctions all exhibited improved electrochemical performance and photocatalytic performance than that of the bare Bi2WO6 material. Especially, when the molar ratio of Al to Bi was 2:1, the obtained Al2(WO[Formula: see text]/Bi2WO6 heterojunction displayed the optimal photoelectric and photocatalytic performance. In detail, it depicted the highest photocurrent density, the smallest resistance and the fastest charge transfer rate. What’s more, the RhB solution (10 ppm) could be completely degraded in 30 min under visible-light irradiation, and the removal rate was almost 1.6 times than that of pure Bi2WO6 nanosheets. In the same condition, it also exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance for the degradation of tetracycline (TC) solution (10 ppm) and the K2Cr2O7 solution (40 ppm). These results fully manifested that the constructed Al2(WO[Formula: see text]/Bi2WO6 heterojunction possessed superior photoelectric conversion capacity and outstanding photocatalytic performance. Moreover, based on the obtained experimental results, a [Formula: see text]-scheme mechanism of catalytic degradation of RhB and TC under simulated solar light was proposed and discussed.

Translating in a constrained environment

Translating children’s literature has been an object of interest researched from a number of vantage points, including the question of constraining factors. Scholars have highlighted mainly the question of dual readership or cultural adaptation, frequently without a global and systemic analysis of all impediments. This article examines the Polish translation of the German book for children, Katharina von der Gathen’s Klär mich auf, from a constraint-based framework. This article focuses on the reconstruction of the constraints in the translation process: the point of departure is the framework with three basic factors that constrain translation, i.e., the intention of the author/translator, text type, and the profile of the audience. The presented argumentation incorporates other formal impediments, such as the visual layer of the book and the semiotic make-up of the source text, language taboo and censorship or the literary polysystems. The analysis of the constraint framework helps to comprehend the translation in terms of the ST-TT relationship regarding their intended audiences, genre-related features, and the child-adult duality.

Does vacuum saturation work for the higher-dimensional vacuum condensates in the QCD sum rules?

In the QCD sum rules for the tetraquark (molecular) states, the higher-dimensional vacuum condensates play an important role in extracting the tetraquark masses. We carry out the operator product expansion up to the vacuum condensates of dimension-10 and observe that the vacuum condensates of dimensions 6, 8 and 10 have the same expressions but opposite signs for the [Formula: see text]-type and [Formula: see text]-type four-quark currents, which make their influences distinguishable, and they are excellent channels to examine the vacuum saturation approximation. We introduce a parameter [Formula: see text] to parametrize the derivation from the vacuum saturation or factorization approximation, and choose two sets of parameters to examine the influences on the predicted tetraquark masses, which can be confronted to the experimental data in the future. In all the channels, smaller value of the [Formula: see text] leads to better convergent behavior in the operator product expansion, which favors the vacuum saturation approximation.

Ei saa me läbi “Pragmaatika” korpuseta. Korpuspragmaatika ja pragmaatikakorpus

Within the project “Pragmatics above grammar: Subjectivity and intersubjectivity in Estonian registers and text types” (PRG341) we are studying the expression of subjectivity and intersubjectivity in different written and spoken registers of modern Estonian. We focus on adverbs that function as discourse markers (e.g. vist ‘maybe, probably’, ilmselt ‘apparently, obviously’, tegelikult ‘actually’), markers that develop from main clauses containing cognition verbs that take sentence complements (e.g. (ma) arvan ‘I think’, usun ‘I believe’, (mulle) tundub ‘it seems (to me), it appears (that)’) as well as modal and performative verbs (e.g. võib (juhtuda) ‘can (happen’, peaks (tulema) ‘should (come)’; kinnitan/väidan (olevat) ‘I affirm/claim’). The analysis combines quantitative corpus-linguistic and qualitative pragmatic approaches, thus belonging to the field of corpus pragmatics. Unlike previous studies of related topics, the project systematically compares the usage of markers in different registers (spoken, online communication, print texts) and text types. The pilot studies performed thus far have revealed several problems with the existing Estonian corpora, important in the study of pragmatics. Firstly, some text types are underrepresented or not represented at all, the text types cannot always be distinguished, and the particular text may not always correspond to the nominal text type (e.g. an academic text may contain quotes from texts of other types). All of this makes it difficult to do comparative statistical analysis of different text types. Secondly, the markers under examination are multifunctional and identifying their (inter)subjective function requires consideration of context broader than a single sentence. However, the public search systems for the existing corpora do not provide this context. For instance, the discourse marker function of cognition verbs is indicated primarily by the fact that the topic of the conversation or text follows through the subordinate clause, not the main clause. Since the available search systems do not provide context larger than a single sentence, the identification of the topic of the discourse, and therefore of the potential discourse-marker function of the verb, is made more difficult. To avoid these problems, the project working group is developing a new “Pragmatics” corpus, being created in the SketchEngine environment. The corpus is made up of 10 subcorpora representing different text types and registers. Each subcorpus contains roughly 500,000 words.

Zur Diachronie der satzinternen Großschreibung im Niederländischen

On the history of sentence-internal capitalisation in Dutch – a corpus-based study on genre influence on the capitalisation practice Though sentence-internal capitalisation of nouns is – unlike in German – no hallmark of Modern Dutch orthography at all, initial studies on Early Modern Dutch writing practice have affirmed Maas’ (1995, 2007) claim that Dutch once exhibited at least a moderate tendency to uppercase nouns in sentence-internal position (cf. & 2020a): Since both studies were restricted on a corpus of bible prints, it remains an open question whether the capitalisation practice was restricted to this text type only. Therefore, the present paper aims at analysing the use of majuscules in other texts types to gain a more conclusive picture on the overall phenomenon. The contrastive analysis of bible prints with printed travel reports and sailing letters (1500-1800) confirms – on the one hand – previous findings, mainly the fact that the use of majuscules within common nouns was increasingly motivated by cognitive factors, mainly animacy and concreteness of the referent; on the other hand, however, the present study shows that sentence-internal capitalisation of common nouns was much more pronounced in non-biblical texts than expected by previous studies (cf. & 2020a). In contrast to bible prints, non-biblical texts did not abolish sentence-internal uppercase letters by the end of the 17th century, suggesting that this spelling convention was not abandoned due to religious reasons as suggested by & 2007).

A flexible thermoelectric film based on Bi2Te3 for wearable applications

In recent years, with the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and wearable technology, the research and exploration of thermoelectric materials have been greatly promoted. However, traditional thermoelectric materials are rigid and brittle. Thermoelectric devices made of these materials usually cannot be closely attached to the heat and cold sources that provide temperature differences, thus limiting the application of thermoelectric materials. Therefore, manufacturing new high-performance flexible thermoelectric devices is still a huge challenge. In this work, polyimide/copper (PI/Cu) substrate was deposited by electron deposition technology. The flexible thermoelectric thin film device was fabricated by bonding [Formula: see text]-type and [Formula: see text]-type bismuth telluride (Bi2Te[Formula: see text] slurries onto the PI/Cu substrate. Then, the PDMS film was coated on the device to make the device waterproof and oxidation resistant. The output voltage and maximum power of this device, at the temperature of 80 K, reach 97.5 mV and 60 uW, respectively. After 200 cycles of cyclic bending experiments, 90% high conductivity retention can be maintained. It demonstrates that the new flexible thermoelectric thin film has good flexibility and excellent stability. This work provides a simple method for the preparation of flexible thermoelectric thin films and opens up a new way for its application in the sensing equipment and wearable device of the IoT.

On the Contrastive Analysis of a Television Text Type

Analysis of media-linguistic aspects by linguists is of great importance because the latest linguistic trends can be understood on the basis of this material. Based on the contrastive studies of the text type weather report on German and Georgian television, the following similarities and differences were highlighted: many media-linguistic aspects (sentence types, common verbs, mood, technical and local expressions, visual effects, etc.) look similar. With regard to the types of sentences, the following tendency has emerged: parataxes are the most common occurrence in TV weather reports. In second place are hypotaxes, followed by simple sentences and ellipses. German moderators tend mainly to use the oral style. This is shown by reductions, colloquial and regional expressions, breaking a sentence frame, demonstrative pronouns and modal particles. In addition, that could also indicate that they are less focused on the teleprompter. The weather report of the Georgian morning TV program "Guten Morgen, Georgia" (Rustavi 2) is broadcast live at various locations. Before the current temperature of the day is presented, the weather moderator chats casually with the studio moderators and their guests. The weather report is contextualized in this way. The weather report is almost always done with an introductory sentence. The weather data is read out by the moderator or by the respective guests. German moderators present both current temperatures and the weather forecast for the next few days. Regarding speaking speed, it can be emphasized that German moderators speak almost twice as fast as Georgian moderators. Both German and Georgian moderators are always in a good mood. The dress style of the morning presenters, in contrast to evening presenters, is mostly unofficial in both the German and Georgian weather reports. It must also be mentioned here that it is very important to deal with various types of text in both school and university foreign language lessons. Since listening to a weather report is a realistic everyday act, this type of text must find a worthy entry into foreign language lessons. It is advantageous to combine visual and linguistic aspects, because in this way both visual and hearing comprehension are trained.

Narrativity and segmentivity in contemporary Australian and New Zealand long poems and poem sequences

<p>The PhD in creative writing comprises a critical and a creative component. This thesis explores how poets utilise verse form in order to support and/or undermine narrativity in long poems or poem sequences, and asks the question: what possibilities are offered by verse form that distinguish poetry from other literary narrative genres? Using Rachel Blau DuPlessis’s concept of segmentivity, I consider how segmentation at various formal levels, including sections within a book, poems within a sequence, stanzas, line-breaks, and metre, can affect the narrativity of a text. I also consider segmentivity in relation to the ways in which a text may be narrativized, and to the interactions between narrative and other text types such as lyric and argument. The theoretical framework for the critical component involves a synthesis of approaches from within the fields of narrative theory and literary criticism. The methodology used is a close reading and analysis of case study texts by six New Zealand and Australian poets, written in the period 1990-2010: Dorothy Porter’s The Monkey’s Mask (1994) and What a Piece of Work (1999); Alan Wearne’s The Lovemakers (2008); Tusiata Avia’s Bloodclot (2009); Bill Sewell’s Erebus: A Poem (1999) and The Ballad of Fifty-One (2003); Anna Jackson’s The Gas Leak (2006) and John Kinsella’s Divine Comedy: Journeys Through a Regional Geography (2008). These texts range in their degree of narrativity from verse novels through narrative sequences to lyric sequences. The local and contemporary context has been chosen for several reasons, including the strong history of narrative poetry in both countries, recent trends towards long narrative poems and poem sequences, a relative lack of scholarship on the poetry of this region and time period, and because of the relevance to my own creative work. This thesis argues that segmentivity can be used with or against narrativity in a long poem or poem sequence, with a range of possible results: from strongly narrative texts such as verse novels through to antinarrative texts and lyric sequences. Different levels of segmentation have different effects on narrativity, the division of a text into individual poems being the most important in the texts under consideration here. It is demonstrated that narrative as a text type can exist alongside other text types, and that segmentivity is important to this interaction, with a bearing on the overall narrativity of a text. The creative component tests and extends the findings of the critical component. It consists of a poem sequence in three parts entitled Flow, on the subject of the Whanganui river. The sequence takes a discontinuous approach to narrative, varies in its approach to temporality, features interplay between narrative and lyric modes, and incorporates underlying arguments on environmental and social themes.</p>

Narrativity and segmentivity in contemporary Australian and New Zealand long poems and poem sequences

<p>The PhD in creative writing comprises a critical and a creative component. This thesis explores how poets utilise verse form in order to support and/or undermine narrativity in long poems or poem sequences, and asks the question: what possibilities are offered by verse form that distinguish poetry from other literary narrative genres? Using Rachel Blau DuPlessis’s concept of segmentivity, I consider how segmentation at various formal levels, including sections within a book, poems within a sequence, stanzas, line-breaks, and metre, can affect the narrativity of a text. I also consider segmentivity in relation to the ways in which a text may be narrativized, and to the interactions between narrative and other text types such as lyric and argument. The theoretical framework for the critical component involves a synthesis of approaches from within the fields of narrative theory and literary criticism. The methodology used is a close reading and analysis of case study texts by six New Zealand and Australian poets, written in the period 1990-2010: Dorothy Porter’s The Monkey’s Mask (1994) and What a Piece of Work (1999); Alan Wearne’s The Lovemakers (2008); Tusiata Avia’s Bloodclot (2009); Bill Sewell’s Erebus: A Poem (1999) and The Ballad of Fifty-One (2003); Anna Jackson’s The Gas Leak (2006) and John Kinsella’s Divine Comedy: Journeys Through a Regional Geography (2008). These texts range in their degree of narrativity from verse novels through narrative sequences to lyric sequences. The local and contemporary context has been chosen for several reasons, including the strong history of narrative poetry in both countries, recent trends towards long narrative poems and poem sequences, a relative lack of scholarship on the poetry of this region and time period, and because of the relevance to my own creative work. This thesis argues that segmentivity can be used with or against narrativity in a long poem or poem sequence, with a range of possible results: from strongly narrative texts such as verse novels through to antinarrative texts and lyric sequences. Different levels of segmentation have different effects on narrativity, the division of a text into individual poems being the most important in the texts under consideration here. It is demonstrated that narrative as a text type can exist alongside other text types, and that segmentivity is important to this interaction, with a bearing on the overall narrativity of a text. The creative component tests and extends the findings of the critical component. It consists of a poem sequence in three parts entitled Flow, on the subject of the Whanganui river. The sequence takes a discontinuous approach to narrative, varies in its approach to temporality, features interplay between narrative and lyric modes, and incorporates underlying arguments on environmental and social themes.</p>