CHALLENGES AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS FOR OLYMPIC MARTIAL ARTS IN RUSSIA

The aim of the study is to carry out assessment and analysis of the development of Olympic martial arts in Russia. Methods and organization of the research. We used the following methods in our research: analysis of scientific and instructional literature, documentary sources and web-based documents. We reviewed scientific papers, official documents and Internet sites of All-Russian Olympic martial arts federations to accomplish the survey-related objective of the study. We analyzed documentary materials about the development of Olympic martial arts according to 9 criteria identified in the framework of research. Results and discussion. The article contains the research findings illustrating the development of Olympic martial arts. The study includes the description of historical development of Olympic martial arts in Russia. We carried out analysis of performance of the Russian national team over the last 20 years. We have identified the number of regional federations and participants. We have provided an assessment of the qualifications of coaching staff. We have presented the cost of equipment for practicing Olympic martial arts. We have analyzed the scientific development of these sports. We have demonstrated the importance of interaction of sports federations with specialized departments of Russian universities. We have displayed the experience of partnership of All-Russian federations with sponsors. We have identified the indicators of awareness raising activities regarding considered sports. Conclusion. The research revealed promising avenues for the development of Olympic martial arts in Russia. The research outcomes enable specialists to form an idea of the development of certain martial arts.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS FINALISTS AT THE WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP UNEVEN BARS 2019

Experts in artistic gymnastics are constantly analyzing the outcomes of the gymnasts' performance at world and continental championships. However, the analyses cover only the assessment of the final scores of athletes and their ranks. There is a lack of research focused on the structure of routines and components of the scores obtained for the performance of combinations. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of competitive programs performed by the finalists of the World Championship Uneven Bars 2019 and to identify areas for the exercise development in this kind of all-around events on the eve of the Olympic Games. Methods and organization of the research: we carried out the analysis of video materials of the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG), the analysis of the competition rules for the current Olympic cycle, additional newsletters, and scientific instructional literature. We used an expert assessment method to identify the components of competitive combinations. Research results. The study determined quantitative indicators of the content of gymnast combinations on uneven bars (the number and difficulty groups of elements, including jumps and dismounts, modal and frequently performed elements, connection value bonus). We have revealed the trend for reduction of the total number of elements of competitive routines. It occurs due to reduction of the number of binders (“dilution”) elements, reduction of the number of elements of difficulty groups below 0.4 points, and increasing number of flight elements performed in a “cascade” way. We have revealed the trend for the use of elements of F (0.6 points) and G (0.7 points) difficulty groups in competitive combinations of the strongest gymnasts, which characterizes a significant increase in the coordination complexity of the programs and increases the requirements for the training of gymnasts. Conclusion. The research outcomes can provide the basis for predicting competitive programs on uneven bars at the upcoming Olympic Games, making amendments to the system of training gymnasts and the content of combinations to increase competitiveness at major international competitions, as well as making competition rules proposals for the next Olympic cycle.

ALTERNATIVE PARADIGM FOR LOCOMOTION ON THE EXAMPLE OF A HIGH JUMP

The modern paradigm for human locomotion is interpreted from the position of changes in muscle length. The research revealed many facts that are difficult to explain exclusively from the point of view of muscle work due to the existence of an alternative locomotion mechanism, which manifests itself in conditions of rapid contact with the support surface. The necessary locomotion mechanism is designed by human evolution, and it operates in the framework of the anatomical structure. The purpose is to identify an alternative locomotion mechanism manifested in the conditions of rapid contact with the support surface in high jumps. Research methods and organization. We used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and instructional literature, testing, and correlation analysis. To assess explosive abilities, we recorded results of standing high jump test and high jump results in the competition season performed by members of the USSR national team. Research results. The analysis of scientific and instructional literature helped us to reveal contradictions in the modern interpretation of the repulsion mechanism in high jumps. Research conducted in the USSR national team (1987-1989) in the framework of comprehensive research team demonstrated absence of correlation between the indicators of explosive abilities and high jump results (r = -0.03). We revealed different locomotion mechanism suggesting the use of "reverse work of tendons". We substantiated an alternative paradigm for the Fosbury Flop high jump based on the support of cytoplasm deforming load, reverse work of tendons, and accumulation of action potential as a result of summation of stimuli by the type of lift reflex. Conclusion. Explosive muscle contraction for training jumping ability is a dead end. Since the cytoplasm acts as a force counteraction factor, there is no need for hypertrophy and anabolism of the muscles.

IMPLEMENTATION OF «FITNESS MIX» DANCE FITNESS PROGRAM IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR SENIOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

This paper provides a theoretical and practical justification for the development of the fitness industry in Russia, notably the implementation of fitness technologies in preschool educational organizations. The purpose of the study was theoretical justification and experimental verification of the «FITNESS MIX» dance fitness program aimed at developing physical qualities and increasing physical education interest of senior preschool children. Research methods and organization. We used the following research methods: analysis and generalization of scientific and instructional literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Research results and discussion. In our study, we have provided the characteristics and the details of the «FITNESS MIX» dance fitness program aimed at developing physical qualities and increasing physical education interest of senior preschool children. We have demonstrated the dynamics of physical fitness indicators of preschool children in the framework of a pedagogical experiment. We have presented the results of a survey of preschool children in the experimental group, aimed at revealing interest in some sections of the «FITNESS MIX» dance fitness program. We have assessed the training outcomes of children in experimental groups engaged in experimental and traditional physical education programs for preschool educational organizations. Conclusion. In our study, we have proved our hypothesis that implementation of the FITNESS MIX dance fitness program in preschool physical education will contribute to physical development, growing physical fitness level and effectiveness of the instructional process providing significantly better outcomes in the development of physical qualities and improving the functional state of a child.

New model of the modern international olympic movement

The aim of the research is to assess the development trends of the modern Olympic movement, to search for new vectors of development and enhancement of the Olympic movement. Methods and organization of the study: In our study, we used analysis of scientific and instructional literature, statistical methods, method of expert assessment, legal analysis. We used data from open sources on the re- search subject, official statistics, analysis of statutory documents of specialized organizations, content analysis of official websites, legal documents. Results of the research. We revealed and substantiated development trends of the modern Olympic movement, the problems related to hosting the Olympic Games, growing contradictions in the activities of international sport organizations. Analysis of the development trends of the Olympic movement in the 21st century and the latest decisions of the International Olympic Committee revealed certain problematic moments in the organization of these Games. We proposed a new model of the modern Olympic Games aimed to overcome the problems and contradic- tions of the Olympic movement. Conclusion. A number of contradictions and problems that need to be resolved characterizes modern devel- opment stage of the Olympic movement. These problems include gigantism of the Olympic Games, subjectivity of the Games at sport competitions, sport security, doping falsification of sport results, etc. The proposed organizational model for the Olympic Games in the form of a prolonged competition during the Olympic year can help to overcome existing contradictions.

The Table

Dining within European halls already respected a universal sequence and culture by 1100, which was further homogenized by institutions such as the fostering abroad of adolescent males and the lavish entertaining of the mobile tourneying society of France and the western Empire. The conduct of the table at dinner was the central ritual of courtly society and generated a considerable instructional literature across the continent. It was also a major stress point in society, with reputations of hosts depending on their lavish hospitality and the efficiency of their servants, while the social fortunes of their guests depended on confident performances at table as guests, raconteurs and entertainers. Dangers included overindulgence in alcohol, gauging the degree of deference, the control of body and posture, as well as any failure in contributing to general entertainment.

Task Variation and Mental Models Divergence Influencing the Transfer of Team Learning

We investigate how teams develop and transfer general problem-solving skills across two ill-structured problems. We draw on cognitive flexibility theory in the instructional literature and propose that teams will achieve a higher performance on a novel task or transfer when they receive an external task intervention (i.e., task variation) and when the internal mechanisms (i.e., divergent mental models) are developed to make sense of the external intervention. To test these predictions, we designed a longitudinal experiment with 17 student teams that encountered task variation during their work on an initial task. Consistent with our predictions, we found that teams that experienced variations and whose mental models diverged during their work on an initial task achieved higher performance on a novel task than teams that experienced variation and whose mental models converged. Implications for the transfer of learning in teams on ill-structured problems are discussed.

Dear Children (Good and Bad), You Are Cordially Invited to a Roasting of Instructional Literature

Cobb discusses the often neglected fables that Hemingway wrote in the early 1950s, locating them within the genre of children’s literature. Cobb surveys the history and language and conventions of children’s literature and discusses unexpected ways that Hemingway’s writing might be included. Cobb finds that Hemingway is lampooning the instructional aspect of children’s literature at the same time that he is exploiting its conventions.