Functional and Radiographic Outcomes of Intraoperatively Decreasing the Coracoclavicular Distance to 50% of the Unaffected Side in Stabilization of Acute Acromioclavicular Joint Injury: A Retrospective Evaluation

Background: The postoperative failure rate of acromioclavicular (AC) joint fixation using the coracoclavicular (CC) stabilization technique is high. Studies have reported that compared with normal intraoperative anatomic reduction, intraoperative overreduction of the AC joint is more successful in achieving a satisfactory anatomic radiographic outcome at 1- to 2-year follow-up. Purpose: To evaluate the functional and radiographic outcomes and complications in patients with acute AC joint injury who underwent combined CC stabilization and AC capsular repair in which the CC distance was intraoperatively decreased to 50% of the unaffected side. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: In this retrospective study, we collected and analyzed the data of patients with an acute AC joint injury (Rockwood type 5) who underwent combined CC stabilization and AC capsular repair during which the CC distance was decreased 50% compared with the unaffected side. At 2-year follow-up, we evaluated functional outcomes (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES] score), radiographic outcomes (alignment of the AC joint in the vertical and horizontal planes, tunnel widening), and complications (infection, clavicular fracture). Results: The study included 20 patients with a mean ± SD age of 42.20 ± 10.10 years. The mean follow-up period was 33.75 ± 11.50 months. At the 2-year follow-up, the mean ASES score was 95.13 ± 5.61. The overreduction alignment, anatomic alignment, and loss reduction alignment rates were 0% (0/20 patients), 95% (19/20 patients), and 5% (1/ 20 patients), respectively. No statistically significant difference was found in the mean CC distance between the affected and unaffected sides on radiographic evaluation. The mean medial clavicular tunnel width and lateral clavicular tunnel width were 5.03 ± 0.68 mm and 4.47 ± 0.67 mm, respectively. None of the patients experienced fractures or infections. Conclusion: Excellent functional and radiographic outcomes and no complications were seen at 2-year follow-up in patients with acute AC joint injury who underwent combined CC stabilization and AC capsular repair with the CC distance intraoperatively decreased to 50% of the unaffected side.

Modelling and Evolution of Conducting Filament in TiOx Memristor Using Conducting Atomic Force Microscopy

Conducting filament evolution in TiOx based resistive switching memory fabricated by simple oxidation of Ti film is investigated. Formation of titanium oxide is confirmed from the X-ray diffraction study. Forming is required to initiate the switching process. A bipolar analog switching is observed with a positive set and negative reset voltage. The switching properties in TiOx layer owing to the formation of conducting filament is confirmed from the conducting atomic force micrograph at different bias voltage. A significant change in surface topography as a filament formation during set and reset is presented. Conduction mechanism inside the device at various voltage and effect of tunnel width on current is studied. The effective tunnel width of conduction filament and related parameters for device using device modelling (Threshold Adaptive Memristor model) is studied. The device can be used for synaptic applications.

Reliability Model For Data Retention In FLASH Memories

New <b>reliability </b>model for prediction of <b>data retention</b> in Flash memories, that taking into account cell type, workin temerature, endurance, tunnel width all togther.<br>The model is accurate, simple and easy to use.

Reliability Model For Data Retention In FLASH Memories

New <b>reliability </b>model for prediction of <b>data retention</b> in Flash memories, that taking into account cell type, workin temerature, endurance, tunnel width all togther.<br>The model is accurate, simple and easy to use.

An Analysis on Influencing Factors of Interlayer Separation of Complex Roof in Deep Coal Mining

In order to control construction face instability of complex roof and predict roof collapse in deep coal mining, by numerical simulation, distribution of normal stress and interlayer separation of construction surface were calculated and influencing factors on separation of construction surface were analyzed in different conditions. The conclusions were drawn that original rock stress, rock characters, rock thickness and tunnel width had obvious influence and cohesion and friction angle of construction surface had little influence on separation of construction surface.

Kinematics and Performance Capacity for the Concertina Locomotion of a Snake (Coluber Constrictor)

We used a motorized treadmill to determine the endurance (from 4.2 to 5.6 cm s−1) and burst speed of five Coluber constrictor Linnaeus performing concertina locomotion in tunnels 3, 5 and 7 cm wide. The snakes had greatest average endurance at 4.2 cm s−1 within the 5cm wide tunnel (80 min), and the average endurance of snakes moving in the 3 cm tunnel (24 min) was significantly lower than that observed for either the 5 or 7 cm tunnel at the same speed. In contrast to endurance capacity, there was no statistically significant effect of tunnel width on burst speed, and mean values ranged from 13.5 to 16.8 cm s−1 The fastest burst speed observed was 20.8 cm s−1 in a 7 cm tunnel. Analysis of variance on kinematic variables measured from videotapes made of the endurance trials revealed highly significant effects of both speed and tunnel width on kinematics. As the tread speed increased among different endurance trials, the snakes primarily increased the frequency of movements and increased the average forward speed during the moving phase. However, the snakes did not significantly alter either the distance moved per cycle or the proportion of time spent moving in response to different tread speeds used in the endurance trials. Decreased tunnel width caused snakes (1) to move a smaller distance per cycle, (2) to use more regions of static contact with the sides of the tunnel, and (3) to orient the convoluted portions of the body at a smaller angle relative to the sides of the tunnel. Decreased tunnel width did not affect the average forward speed during the moving phase. Hence, tread speed and tunnel width affected different kinematic variables. Significant changes in kinematics did not always cause significant changes in locomotor performance capacity.

The Application of a Lifting-Surface Method to Large, Steady or Oscillating Models in Subsonic, Closed, Open or Slotted Wind Tunnels

SummaryA subsonic, lifting-surface method is extended to apply to low-frequency oscillations of wind-tunnel models, taking into account both longitudinal and lateral variations of tunnel lift interference. Rectangular sectioned tunnels with closed, slotted or open roof and floor and closed sidewalls are considered. A comparison is made between the aerodynamic derivatives obtained by this method and those calculated with the assumption that the model span is small compared to the tunnel width. Three models of aspect ratio 2.67 and different sweepback are considered in rigid pitching oscillations in tunnels of width/height ratio 2.5. The greatest differences between the results from the two methods occur for the tunnel with closed roof and floor and for the unswept planform. The least differences occur for the slotted tunnel and for the planform of greatest sweepback. The results indicate that, for models of conventional size [up to span/(tunnel width) ratio of 0.4], the “small-span” assumption is satisfactory in tunnels with slotted roof and floor and closed side walls, but not in fully closed tunnels.